下列兩句的意思是否一樣？

No, only the first sentence is correct.
The trial ended in the Chinese city of Hefei.

The second sentence can be rewritten like this:
The trial ended in Hefei, a city of China.

With the second sentence rewritten, the two sentences have the same meaning.

From my point of view, I think it depends on whether 'Hefei' is exactly the Chinese city or a place in the Chinese city.

The same+~+

這兩句的意思是一樣的. :)