＜經濟問題三＞論最低工資與失業之間的關係。

勞動力跟其他商品一樣，其價格是由市場供求決定。最低工資若要有效地施行，必須定於勞工市場的均衡價格之上，否則發揮不了作用。經濟學101告訴我們，當市價高於市場的均衡價格時，商品的供應量便大過需求量，做成供應過剩的現像。在勞工市場上，最低工資會做成勞動力供應過剩，亦即是失業或就業不足的情況。

最低工資在歐美國家已實行多年，失業或就業不足的情況同樣出現，就算在專業工作，因為工會可以爭取到相當吸引的雇用條件，很多教師、護士都只得部份時間工作。

最低工資制度在香港和在外國最大的不同是歐美國家行失業保險制度，失業人仕可以在一段時間內領取失業保險金，在這段時間找其他工作，或屬於季節性失業的便一於休息至下季。失業保險制度下在業人仕要交失業保險供款，這制度也要賴高稅制來維持，因此在香港是不易實行的。

2008-08-28 05:51:01 補充：
最低工資對弱勢一羣，如年紀大、剛畢業、沒有經驗、甚至不夠漂亮者最為不利，在最低工資僧多米少的情況下，僱主當然會揀資歷較佳的人仕。加拿大有一些省份推行雙最低工資制，僱主可給第一年工作者低於最低工資的工資，又一次應驗了經濟學的理論。

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最低工資 means minimum wage, when minimum wage occured, it means
that the wage is not setting above the equilibrium point of wage, it will leads
to excess supply of labor, and decrease in labor demand, and hence create
unemployment (UE).

I am not sure if this law passes in HK yet, but the main differences are:

1) the minimum wage law already working in most foreign countries for many years, and most companies are willing to follow this rule, because this law is working so well in country such as Australia. Employees can report for any unfair treating, and this covered all levels of workers.

2) but in HK, it seems that this law is designated for mainly the lower skills workers, this may create a social division between classes within the society. It may also lead to further UE for those low skills workers , or even unfair treatment. Even though if this law passed in HK, it may not work broadly in reality, some reasons maybe that those low skills workers afraid that they will lose their jobs and willing to lower their wage with their boss; also, this may attract more black market labors.

So in theory, minimum wage will lead to an increase in UE.

This is just my opinions from my limited knowledge, please tell me if anything goes wrong.

最低工資 = set price floor = the price not create by the market = surplus = unemployment up