4.MTR runs crowded trains [200 passengers per car] at rush hours, but relatively empty trains [25 passengers per car] at off peak hours. Dr. Smart makes the following argument:
“The cost of running a car for this line is $500, regardless of the no. of passengers. So the per passenger cost is about $2.5 at rush hour, but rises to $20 per passenger in off hear hour. Consequently, we had better discourage off peak hour business.”
Do you agree with Dr. Smart? Why or why not?
Thx.
Cost questions
2007-10-02 7:28 am
回答 (2)
2007-10-03 7:12 am
✔ 最佳答案
總成本=固定成本+可變成本固定成本=x
可變成本=y(其他成本)+(處理顧客的成本)(z)
處理顧客邊際成本=
假設兩條線的固定成本及可變成本中的其他成本一樣
我懷疑$500是固定成本，因為兩條line的成本應不是等同，如果在邊際成本下跌，但其後會上升的慨念下，(因為超過了顧客，需要更多的額外源處理，例如:人手)，
但是因為沒有提及，那麽如果假設成本一樣，mc邊際成本不變的情況下。
總成本=500+y+200z 200人線
總成本=500+y+25z 25線
那麽200人的總成本>25人的總成本，所以這算式可指出dr. smart 以500的固定成本為總成本是不成立的。
如果邊際成本下跌後上升的假設
因為資源未用盡，但是因為資源用盡，需要更資源使用的最佳點之後。mc後上升
那麽 設z0為資源用盡點
總成本=500+y+z1+z2.....+z200
總成本=500+y+z1+z2....+z25
資源用盡前，z25-z0=負數 z200-z0為正數
以下為mc表的假設
1人是$0.1
2人是$0.09
3人是$0.08在負數位
3人的總成本是 = 500+y+0.1+0.09 +0.08 =500.27
如果在資源最佳點後的情況
198人是$1
199人是$1.01
200人是$1.02的正數位
那麽如果25人的成本下跌的成本，及200人的上升位
,25平均成本更較200人的低
這是一條複雜的問題。但是我的結論是25人的平均成本不會是上述的那麽高，甚至平均成本是有可能低200人的，但是要是乎最佳資源位前後的問題。
2007-10-04 1:49 pm
If I remember correctly, it is a question from the book Exchange and Production, one of Professor Stephen Cheung's favourite book on Microeconomics.
The answer by the poster above, I am sorry, is totally wrong and will score 2, at most 3 points out of 20. It is a question on Marginal Cost of operation and the answer above has assumed that MC is the same for both periods of operation.
Average cost of passenger is totally irrelevant and is misleading the students. The answer can be long but the principle is simple. What is the marginal cost of serving additional passenger at rush hours?
At non-peak hours, the train can take in another passenger almost at no extra cost. The marginal cost is therefore very low. During rush hours, it may require operating extra trains and rescheduling the operation to take in more passengers. The marginal cost of additional passengers is therefore very high.
It is the reason why MTR gives discount for non-rush hour rides to encourage more passenger during the non-peak hours.
2007-10-12 01:20:43 補充：
This is not an answer to the question. The question is about marginal cost of operation. All the calculation about average cost in the answer is irrelevant.
The answer by the poster above, I am sorry, is totally wrong and will score 2, at most 3 points out of 20. It is a question on Marginal Cost of operation and the answer above has assumed that MC is the same for both periods of operation.
Average cost of passenger is totally irrelevant and is misleading the students. The answer can be long but the principle is simple. What is the marginal cost of serving additional passenger at rush hours?
At non-peak hours, the train can take in another passenger almost at no extra cost. The marginal cost is therefore very low. During rush hours, it may require operating extra trains and rescheduling the operation to take in more passengers. The marginal cost of additional passengers is therefore very high.
It is the reason why MTR gives discount for non-rush hour rides to encourage more passenger during the non-peak hours.
2007-10-12 01:20:43 補充：
This is not an answer to the question. The question is about marginal cost of operation. All the calculation about average cost in the answer is irrelevant.
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