我想問什麼是Along the River During Qingming Festival

Along the River During Qingming Festival

Along the River During Qingming Festival (Traditional Chinese: 清明上河圖; Simplified Chinese: 清明上河图; Hanyu Pinyin: Qīngmíng Shànghé Tú) is generally attributed to the Song Dynasty artist, Zhang Zeduan (1085-1145). The painting captures the daily life of people from the Song period at the capital, Bianjing (near today's Kaifeng). The theme celebrates Qingming Festival. The entire piece was painted in handscroll format and the content reveals the lifestyle of all levels of the society (from rich to poor) as well as different economic activities in rural areas and the city. It offers glimpse of the clothing and architecture during the period. As an artistic creation, the piece has been revered, and court artists of subsequent dynasties have made several reproductions.

The Qingming Scroll is historically notable as one of the few paintings from the former imperial collection that is still in the possession of Mainland China; it was a particular favorite of emperor Puyi, who took it with him to Manchukuo and thus kept the Southern Song Dynasty original (24.8 by 528.7 cm) out of the collection of the National Palace Museum. It was later re-purchased in 1945 and is now held at the Palace Museum in the Forbidden City.

Several other copies by artists of subsequent dynasties, including a 1736 version (35.6 by 1152.8 cm) by five Qing Dynasty court painters, were moved to Taiwan along with the National Palace Museum in 1949. The Song dynasty original is regarded as a national treasure by Chinese authorities and only exhibited for brief periods every few years.

Questions over the Translation
Scholars have disputed the accuracy of the translation of painting's name; the word "Qingming" can refer to either the Qingming Festival or to peace and order, two translations have been proposed by scholars: Going Upriver on the Qingming Festival or Peace Reigns Over the River.

Traditionally, three things have been believed about the painting:

The city depicted is Kaifeng.
It was painted before the fall of the Northern Song Dynasty in 1127.
It depicts the Qingming Festival.
More recent scholarship challenges all three of those assertions:

The city depicted is an idealized non-existent city.
It was painted after the fall of the Northern Song Dynasty in 1127.
It depicts a scene in early Autumn.

References
Valerie Hansen, "The Mystery of the Qingming Scroll and Its Subject: The Case Against Kaifeng," Journal of Sung-Yuan Studies 26 (1996), 183-200.

See also
National Palace Museum Description of "Along the River During Ching Ming Festival"


External links
Metropolitan Museum
National Palace Museum Taiwan
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON QINGMING SHANGHE TU AND SONG DYNASTY GENRE PAINTINGS, BEIJING, 10-12 OCTOBER 2005" China Heritage Newsletter