Where did the name Easter originate?

Eostre. A Germanic goddess celebrated at the Spring equinox.

Interesting question that doesn't have a definitive answer.  However a few minutes of internet search turns up "The naming of the celebration as “Easter” seems to go back to the name of a pre-Christian goddess in England, Eostre, who was celebrated at beginning of spring. The only reference to this goddess comes from the writings of the Venerable Bede, a British monk who lived in the late seventh and early eighth century." as well as the early Christians and Jews would have used a much different name for it.

Edit:
The word "Easter" does not come from Latin, Greek or Aramaic (Hebrew), so we have to think that it has origins in the early  European languages and cultures. As with many other things, it seems like the Church adopted pagan customs and repurposed them as "Christian".

From the latin word Paschae. From the Hebrew word Pesach.

As far as we can tell: in the region that in modern times we call "Germany".

Some speculate that the word comes from "Ostern," the German word for east.  English is a Germanic language and the Holy Land is east of Germany.

The Encyclopædia Britannica says: “The English name Easter is of uncertain origin; the Anglo-Saxon priest Venerable Bede in the 8th century derived it from the Anglo-Saxon spring goddess Eostre.” Others link it to Astarte, the Phoenician fertility goddess who had the Babylonian counterpart Ishtar.

A quick Google search you will find, it comes first from the false goddess 'Ishtar' which is pronounced in English as 'Esh-tar'

(the 'i' in ish is pronounced as in 'fish' or f e s h)

It also comes from the German false goddess Eostre

What is interesting is; as the Babylonian gods and goddesses move west their name changed.

Zeus became Jupiter as an example. Ishtar became Aphrodite and Astarte (see Eostre from the German)

Those who celebrate 'Easter' will deny this fact because if they did, they would have to admit, their form of worship was a lie and they are actually defaming God and are blaspheming.
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The customs of Easter involving bunnies, colored eggs, candles, and lilies were all adapted from pagan religions, as was the name Easter itself.

Easter traditions are pagan traditions, like many others, that were commandeered by or mixed with Judaism and Christianity over millennia.

If you read the Easter entry in the Encyclopedia Britannica (source 1) it's clearly a heavily edited version of earlier works and very skewed pro-Christian.

Eostre (Eastre) and Ostara and others were pagan goddesses that predate Christianity. Pagan fertility celebrations including those goddesses and mythological eggs in general predate Christianity overall or even just predate the introduction of Christianity into another culture centuries and even more than a millennia after the Roman adoption and mangling of the original version(s) of Christianity.

Due to Christianity's Greecian-Jewish-Semitic-Egyptian-et al heritage, I would go with Eos (source 5) who is "the dawn" in Greek mythology.

Jesus is referred to in Revelations as the Morning Star (child of the dawn.) It's only natural that a Greek myth would become entangled with an Israelite/Judaic/Semitic demigod that is the son of a god or goddess. The Christian mythos didn't originate with Jesus, and didn't stop with him.

Easter is set by the first full moon after the vernal equinox. This is the one day in the year when day and night are roughly equal!

It varies by more than a month over the years and so it simply cannot represent the date of anyone's death!!!
It is in fact a combination of several pagan festivals most notably the spring festival.
The name Easter comes from “Eastre” an Anglo-Saxon pagan goddess. Also the Norse goddess,Ostara who took her name from the Teutonic lunar goddess Eostre
Even the Chinese have the festival of Ching Ming where flowers and sweets are put on their ancestors graves!!
The egg and the rabbit are symbols of springtime and rebirth along with the custom of giving flowers etc!!
The Venerable Bede, an early Christian writer pointed out that the Christian church absorbed Pagan practices when it found the population unwilling to give up the festivals. Thus a lot of what Christians now see as Christians practices are in fact pagan!!!
The Pope said last year that Easter should now have a set date to make it Christian!
Fun to watch the Christians worshiping a pagan festival though - makes it just like Christmas when they do the same thing!!!