When and by whom was photography invented?

Nicephore Niepce, a French inventor in about 1827. 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photograph

Color film was patented 1899 and tested 1902 by Edward Raymond Turner.  Agfa and Kodak were the leaders in the development of commercial products, mainly for the film industry which used a huge amount and was thus the most interesting. The famous Leica cameras started out as test instruments for movie films (1914). As Leitz was producing movie cameras at the time.

The first movie films were shown 1895 by the brothers Lumière of France who also produced the films.
The Lumière brothers also produced colored glass plates for color still photography which were quite popular at the time as they needed not special developing but were processed like standard B&W plates.

To correct Lord Bacon a bit: It's Daguerre and he found of course a way to fix his images using concentrated hot salt water later other chemicals. That's why his process became popular for a while.

In France, DeGuerre invented a photographic process that produced an image on a metal plate that would appear to be a positive image if viewed in light from a particular direction. He did not find a way of 'fixing' the image permanently.

At the same time in the UK, Fox-Talbot invented a system of creating a negative image from which a positive copy could be created. He also developed a way of fixing the image so it could be displayed in normal lighting conditions.

Hearing of Fox-Talbot's work, DeGuerre quickly published his work and was very active in promoting it so he has become better known as the 'inventor' of photography.  If we are talking about photography as a mass product, available to all and able to produce durable photographic images, including multiple positive images from a single negative, then Fox-Talbot was the inventor.

Both were working in the mid-19th century.