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An extra chromosome, making three of a kind ,is called trisomy.
Down syndrome(trisomy 21, mongolism) is a chromosomal disorder.
Trisomy 21 is responsible for about 95% of these cases of DS. Other chromosomal abnormalities account for the rest.
DS occurs in 1 of 700 newborns, but the risks varies a great deal with the mother's age. More than 20% of infants with DS are born to mothers over the age of 35, yet older mothers bear only 7-8 % of all children. The extra chromosome 21 comes from the father rather than from the mother in 1/4-1/3 of the cases.
The diagnose of DS CAN OFTEN BE MADE BEFORE BIRTH AND SCREENINGS IS GENERALLY RECOMMENDED FOR PREGNANT WOMEN OVER THE AGE OF 35. Low levels of alpha-fetoprotein in the mother's blood indicate an increased risk of DS in the fetus; a sample of amniotic fluid can then be taken by amniocentesis for analysis to confirm the diagnosis. Using ultrasound scanning a health care provider can often identify physical abnormalities in the fetus