Which is the longer bond, a carbon–hydrogen bond in ethene or a carbon–hydrogen bond in ethane? Why?
回答 (1)
2020-09-30 4:16 pm
The C-H bond in ethane is longer than the C-H bond in ethene.
In the same valence shell of carbon atom, s orbital has greater penetrating effect than p orbital, and thus s orbital has a shorter average distance towards the nucleus. Therefore, when considering the bond length of C-H bond, the less the s character in the hybridized orbital of C, the longer the bond length.
Each C atom in ethane molecule is sp³ hybridized (25.0% s-character), while each C atom is ethane molecule is sp² hybridized (33.3% s character). Since the sp³ orbital of C atom in ethane has less s character than the sp² orbital of C atom in ethene, the C-H bond in ethane is longer than the C-H bond in ethene.
In the same valence shell of carbon atom, s orbital has greater penetrating effect than p orbital, and thus s orbital has a shorter average distance towards the nucleus. Therefore, when considering the bond length of C-H bond, the less the s character in the hybridized orbital of C, the longer the bond length.
Each C atom in ethane molecule is sp³ hybridized (25.0% s-character), while each C atom is ethane molecule is sp² hybridized (33.3% s character). Since the sp³ orbital of C atom in ethane has less s character than the sp² orbital of C atom in ethene, the C-H bond in ethane is longer than the C-H bond in ethene.
收錄日期: 2021-04-24 08:03:57
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