g12 chem HBr and NH3 pH at equivalence?
回答 (2)
HBr is a strong acid which completely ionized to form H₃O⁺ ions.
The balanced equation for the reaction between HBr and NH₃.
H₃O⁺(aq) + NH₃(aq) → NH₄⁺(aq) + H₂O(ℓ)
Mole ratio H₃O⁺ : NH₃ : NH₄⁺ = 1 : 1 : 1
Moles of H₃O⁺ reacted = Moles of HBr = (0.10 mol/L) × (50.0/1000 L) = 0.005 mol
Moles of NH₄⁺ formed = 0.005 mol
Moles of NH₃ reacted = 0.005 mol
Volume of NH₃ solution needed = (0.005 mol) / (0.10 mol/L) = 0.05 L
Volume of the final solution = [0.05 + (50.0/1000)] L = 0.1 L
[NH₄⁺] in the final solution = (0.005 mol) / (0.1 L) = 0.05 mol/L
NH₄⁺ ions slightly dissociate in water. Thus construct an ICE table.
NH₄⁺(aq) + H₂O(ℓ) ⇌ NH₃(aq) + H₃O⁺(aq) Ka = Kw / Kb(NH₃)
Initial: 0.0.5 M 0 M 0 M
Change: -y M +y M +y M
Eqm: (0.05 - y) M y M y M
≈ 0.05 M due to very small Ka
At equilibrium:
Ka = [NH₃] [H₃O⁺] / [NH₄⁺]
Kw / Kb(NH₃) = [NH₃] [H₃O⁺] / [NH₄⁺]
(1 × 10⁻¹⁴) / (1.8 × 10⁻⁵) = y² / 0.05
y = √[0.05 × (1 × 10⁻¹⁴) / (1.8 × 10⁻⁵)] = 5.27 × 10⁻⁶
pH = -log[H₃O⁺] = -log(5.27 × 10⁻⁶) = 5.28
收錄日期: 2021-04-24 07:58:29
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