✔ 最佳答案
NO3-:
O = -2
N = +5
Zn(s) = 0
Zn(OH)42-:
Zn = +2
O = -2
H = +1
NH3:H = +1
N = -3
N is being reduced and NO3- is the oxidizing agent
Zn is being oxidized and Zn is the reducing agent
There are several approaches to balancing redox reactions in basic solution. Many here do not like the approach I will show you, but it works. You will first balance the reaction as if it occurs in an acidic solution:
1) Divide into two half-reactions:
NO3- --> NH3
Zn --> Zn(OH)42-
2) Balance O by adding H2O:
NO3- --> NH3 + 3 H2O
Zn + 4 H2O --> Zn(OH)42-
3) Balance H by adding H+:
NO3- + 9 H+ --> NH3 + 3 H2O
Zn + 4 H2O --> Zn(OH)42- + 4 H+
4) Balance charge by adding e-:
NO3- + 9 H+ + 8 e- --> NH3 + 3 H2O
Zn + 4 H2O --> Zn(OH)42- + 4 H+ + 2 e-
5) Balance numbers of electrons by multiplying one or both equations by a small number:
NO3- + 9 H+ + 8 e- --> NH3 + 3 H2O
4 Zn + 16 H2O --> 4 Zn(OH)42- + 16 H+ + 8 e-
6. Add the two half-reactions and simplify if needed
4 Zn + NO3- + 13 H2O --> 4 Zn(OH)42- + NH3 + 7 H+
6. Now, to convert this to taking place in basic conditions, add as many OH- to both sides as you have H+. On the side with H+, the H+ and OH- form water that you can then simplify:
4 Zn + NO3- + 13 H2O + 7 OH- --> 4 Zn(OH)42- + NH3 + 7 H2O
4 Zn + NO3- + 6 H2O + 7 OH- --> 4 Zn(OH)42- + NH3
As long as everything balances (material and charge), you're done.