No. Article 49 of the Maastricht Treaty (as amended) says that any "European state" that respects the "principles of liberty, democracy, respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms, and the rule of law", may apply to join the EU.
The EU has been talking about bringing in Turkey for years. As of right now with all of Erdogens actions in the last coup that plan is out for the moment.
Yes.....and as the current economies continue to falter due to excessive regulation and bureaucratic bloat, adding nations from outside Europe will probably be a necessity....
If you've traveled to Europe any time in the last decade you probably noticed advertisements everywhere from Asian and African countries...not just for tourism but also banking, shipping, insurance and energy.... It's very clear that the economic future of Europe is linked to those continents...
Western Russia, including Moscow and St. Petersburg, are often included in the continent of Europe on world maps. Russia is hurting economically and would be a major asset to the EU in terms of resources and military protection.
It already has expanded to other continents. France is a member, and parts of France (not territories, but actual parts of France) are in North America (St. Pierre & Miquelon) and the Caribbean (Martinique etc.). Ditto for the Netherlands. Also some of the EU countries claim parts of Antarctica, though the legal status of those claims is questionable. And Spain has a few small exclaves in north Africa.
No, because then it would not be a European Union. When Hong Kong was under British Rule, Hong Kong might have been considered part of the EU, but mainland China would not. As a quasi-government, the EU considers it's member countries to only be part of Europe.