謝謝 sam c,看到一句 She kept her boyfriend waiting for over an hour. 有2種完全不同看法(1)waiting以下是動名詞片語因有動詞kept.(2)waiting是who was waiting的簡句是形容詞片語 去除關代?

She kept---S+V
her boyfriend--indirect object;
waiting for over an hour-----gerund form of verb "wait" when used as a noun-phrase.
=She expects "me" to wait--(indirect obj)
eg:-He had a long wait.
He doesn't like these long wait.
She always expects me to wait.
She says that everything comes to those who wait.
The boyfriend lay in waiting(gerund)=who lay in wait.
His GF keeps him waiting(gerund)
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who---rel.pronoun in defining,or restrictive adj clause
=who was waiting
=She kept her BF who was waiting--rel adj cl.
=who may not be omitted
=may be placed at end of sentence that makes it easier in Parallel -Comparable sentence making.
=Her BF, who has been waiting an hour recently, hopes to be kept by her.---rel adj cl.
=Her BF, who was waiting for an hour, has been kept by her.---rel adj cl.
He had hurt(S+v)----by his waiting (reflexive verb, and verb with related object.

有些人永遠只懂學垃圾文法，而且學得一團糟