Does "you jeopardized everything" mean the same as "you risked everything"?

Not at all, and there are people answering here who shouldn't be. You risk something deliberately, like your money when you gamble or invest it, as in risk/reward ratio. You jeopardize something by putting it in danger, usually by recklessness. "You jeopardize your child's safety by not using a car seat." "The president's press conference jeopardizes the chances for peace."

I don't think you'd use the two words in quite the same context. If you "risk everything," there is a decision involved - you are, by making a particular decision, in danger of losing your job, your money, maybe your family. If you "jeopardize everything," it might be an accidental or thoughtless action through which you might seriously damage or lose a whole project, for example at work, with other people involved.

Yes, but there is a subtle difference between the two. "Jeopardize" is used more like "expose to danger", while "risk" is "to gamble".

Not always.

While risk might mean to put something in jeopardy, it can also mean a deliberate wager. I could risk a thousand dollars on roulette, which might put my marriage in jeopardy, but I couldn't jeopardize a thousand dollars by choosing to gamble it.

Yes, both sentences mean the same.

No

Pretty much. You put everything at risk.

Actively risking something is more like gambling, but creating a situation which puts things at risk is more like jeopardizing

They do vary slightly in temperament, but not by much.

Only someone really articulate would demand to be precise as to which they choose to say per situation, but most hearers/listeners might not differentiate and just get offended either way.

To my ear "risked" seems more harsh just because it is a shorter word.

The longer word "jeopardized" sounds more gradual since it takes longer to say... a little more qualified.

If by "risked" you mean "put in danger", Yes.

Yes.