how do you breadboard given a circuit and an equation? can someone explain how?

Given a circuit's schematic drawing and pictorial drawing you use an operational (no defects) breadboard and you place the circuit's components on the breadboard exactly like the pictorial drawing shows. By doing so the connections between circuit elements as shown on the schematic drawing will be made by inner connections on the breadboard itself.

The equation will normally be of the output of the circuit as a function of the component values in the circuit and the electrical input to the circuit. You will probably be given instructions on what to feed into the circuit that you have built on the breadboard and you will be expected to measure the circuit's output and compare that output to the output that you calculated by using the equation that applies to that circuit.

For what it's worth, what I think is meant to happen is that for you to build a given circuit on a breadboard and compare it's operational ability to that of one that you calculated using the appropriate equation.

[1] A given logic equation can be built with logic gates on breadboard after figure it out what gates are needed and how to connect those IC gate. That is a long process, requires to draw down the circuit before assemble the gates.
[2] Any analogy circuit can be easily built on breadboard. For beginner, just build the real circuit exactly the same layout as the circuit drawing, that makes the beginner getting less trouble and avoid routing mistake.

You need to provide more details. Breadboarding a circuit is easy.

Have no idea how you would breadboard an equation, in general.