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How do you work out the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in an Ion that is ⁷Li⁺?

Refer to the Periodic Table. The atomic number of Li = 3
Hence, Number of protons = Atomic number = 3

Mass number is equal to the total number of protons and neutrons.
The mass number of ⁷Li⁺ = 7
Hence, Number of neutrons = (Mass number) - (No. of protons) = 7 - 3 = 4

Each proton carries 1 positive charge, while each electron carries 1 negative charge.
The ion carries 1 positive charge. It can be deduced that the number of protons is 1 more than the number of electrons.
Hence, Number of electrons = (No. of protons) - 1 = 3 - 1 = 2


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How do you work out the charge if the protons are 12, neutrons 11 and electrons 10 ?

Each proton carries 1 positive charge, while each electron carries 1 negative charge. Besides, neutrons are neutral in electricity.

(Number of protons) - (Number of electrons) = 12 - 10 = 2
The number of protons is 2 more than the number of electrons, and thus there are 2 more positive charges than negative charges.
Hence, Charge of the species = +2

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