A 0.03313 M solution was prepared by dissolving copper wire?

2017-11-06 3:50 pm
(AW = 63.546) in nitric acid and diluting to volume in a 100mL volumetric flask with distilled water. What was the mass of the copper wire?
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2017-11-06 6:14 pm
Copper is less reactive than hydrogen, thus copper does not react with acids to give hydrogen.
However, nitric acid is an oxidizing agent and thus it oxidized copper to copper(II) nitrate solution.

The final solution is rather dilute, and thus the nitric acid is not too high. The oxidation-reduction between copper and dilute nitric acid is :
3Cu + 8HNO₃ → 3Cu(NO₃)₂ + 4H₂O + 2NO
Mole ratio Cu : HNO₃ = 3 : 8

No. of moles of HNO₃ = (0.03313 mol/L) / (100/1000 L) = 0.003313 mol
No. of moles of Cu = (0.003313 mol) × (3/8) = 0.0012424 mol
Mass of Cu wire = (0.0012424 mol) × (63.546 g/mol) = 0.07895 g

[If a WRONG equation is used :]
[Cu + 2HNO₃ → 2Cu(NO₃)₂ + H₂]
[Then, mass of Cu wire = 0.1053 g]

[If concentration nitric acid is used :]
[Cu + 4HNO₃ → Cu(NO₃)₂ + 2H₂O + 2NO₂]
[Then, mass of Cu wire = 0.05263 g]


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