✔ 最佳答案
defining and non-defining noun phrases應該稱為defining and non-defining appositives(限定與非限定性質的同位語),如:
James Bacon, a talented man with gray hair, paints in the morning.(非限定的同位語)
Her sister Sandra is coming in June.(限定的同位語,因他的姊妹不止一個,需要限定)
The belief that help would arrive keep them from giving up.(限定的同位語:名詞子句)
同位語都是名詞性質。
defining and non-defining relative clauses則應稱為defining and non-defining modifiers(限定與非限定的修飾語)
「修飾語」是子句時,分為「形容詞子句」與「副詞子句」兩種,修飾的對象不同。
「形容詞子句」當「修飾語」,分為「限定」與「非限定」兩種:
All students who do not study will fail this course.(名詞students的範圍受到了形容詞子句的限定)
He has a friend who is a singer.(名詞friend受到限定)
My grandfather, who is eighty years old, collects stamps.(my grandfather不受形容詞子句的限定,因為是唯一的)
She was with her husband, whom I had already met.(her husband不受限定,因為是唯一的)
「非限定的同位語」和「非限定的修飾語」都要使用「逗號」將它們與其同位和受其修飾的名詞隔開。