Can a 17 year old become an enrolled agent for the IRS?

No, you must be 18 years old or older.

Per Circular 230:

§ 10.4 Eligibility to become an enrolled agent, enrolled retirement plan agent, or registered tax return preparer.

(a) Enrollment as an enrolled agent upon examination. The Commissioner, or delegate, will grant enrollment as an enrolled agent to an applicant eighteen years of age or older...

You must also be 18 to become a Registered Tax Return Preparer and receive a PTIN. You must have a PTIN to apply for enrollment as an Enrolled Agent.

Realistically, no

An Enrolled Agent does NOT work for the IRS. They have passed a lengthy test demonstrating that they understand tax law. While the info booklet doesn't show a minimum age for sitting for the test, passing the test takes a lot of study.

No.

Only if you've completed the required education along with experience. At 17 I'm sure you won't qualify.

You don't "enroll" in the IRS. Like all federal agencies, the IRS has its "stay-in-school" program where it gets a small allocation every year to employ some high school and college students part-time so long as they stay enrolled in school throughout their employment, but your duties at the IRS would be strictly clerical. You would not be called upon to act as an agent of the IRS to the public and would only have limited access to sensitive information.

no, simple as that

In theory, it would be possible however I would doubt that a 17 yr. old would have sufficient experience and knowledge to pass the exam.

There is more college level study that you have to master than you are likely to at that age.