Can I suggest you start with this book
https://www.amazon.com/Violence-Social-Orders-Conceptual-Interpreting/dp/0521761735#reader_0521761735 It will give you a superb grasp of the concepts that underlie Common Law. It is quite scholarly so not a quick read but it is not indigestible.
Essentially it is economic history presented through a Libertarian lens. As the writers of the US constitution were Libertarians, this will help you understand where they were coming from.