Should I have been kicked out of class for calling a teacher a "Bully" in a sarcastic tone?

Yes, absolutely.

Yes, if this is how your teacher chooses to handle it.

Even if you do not respect the individual who is the teacher, and even if you are expressing your concerns outside of class (to the teacher and then the department chair and then the administration, in an appropriate way), in class you need to show respect for the role the teacher performs. A sarcastic comment like that is disruptive and throws the whole group off track. It sabotaged all of your classmates. And - in part because you have other ways to protest what you think is inappropriate behavior on the part of your teacher - it is inappropriate.

So if you do that and this is how your teacher chooses to neutralize your disruptiveness, that's totally fair.

Yes, it was rude and obnoxious to do that. If you don't like what a teacher is doing, get an appointment and go and quietly discuss what is happening.

Yes.

yes