✔ 最佳答案
The only way to make a sum of 1 is to draw a 1 from one box and 0s from the other boxes.
There are 3 ways to get the desired outcome:
- First box 1, other boxes 0 -> 100
- Second box 1, other boxes 0 -> 010
- Third box 1, other boxes 0 -> 001
There are 3 favorable outcomes.
There are 10³ = 1000 possible outcomes.
Answer: 3/1000 = 0.003
P.S. If the sum were any bigger, you'd want to consider other methods of counting the favorable cases. If the sum were 9 or less, then you could use the stars and bars method to figure out how to partition that sum into 3 distinguishable parts.
Let's do your sum of 1 that way:
3 objects (1 star + 2 bars), choose position of the 2 bars (or the 1 star)
C(3,2) = C(3,1) = 3 ways
P(sum = 3) = 3/1000
Now let's do a sum of 9 that way:
11 objects (9 stars + 2 bars), choose position of 2 bars (or the 9 stars)
C(11,2) = C(11,9) = (11 x 10) / 2 = 55 ways
P(sum = 9) = 55/1000
If it is more than 9 then you have to worry about not going over 9 in any place. Let's take an example with 15, as you asked.
First ball = 0, Next balls sum to 15 --> 69, 78, 87, 96 (4 ways)
First ball = 1, Next balls sum to 14 --> 59, 68, 77, 86, 95 (5 ways)
First ball = 2, Next balls sum to 13 --> 49, 58, 67, 76, 85, 94 (6 ways)
First ball = 3, Next balls sum to 12 --> 39, 48, 57, 66, 75, 84, 93 (7 ways)
...
First ball = 6, Next balls sum to 9 --> 09, 18, 27, 36, ..., 90 (10 ways)
First ball = 7, Next balls sum to 8 --> 08, 17, 26, ..., 71, 80 (9 ways)
First ball = 8, Next balls sum to 7 --> 07, 16, 25, ..., 61, 70 (8 ways)
First ball = 9, Next balls sum to 6 --> 06, 15, ..., 51, 60 (7 ways)
Total ways: 4 + 5 + 6 + 7 + 8 + 9 + 10 + 9 + 8 + 7
P(sum = 15) = 73/1000
When you get further along in probability, you'll also learn about generating functions that can make this easier to figure out without having to enumerate all the cases.
Answer:
P(sum = 1) = 3/1000 (or 0.003, or 0.3%)