About English Grammar?

2017-02-07 10:25 pm
有冇人可以解釋下點解係
1) John lived in Durban for a year before he got married,
而唔係:
2) John had lived in Durban for a year before he got married

住響Durban唔係響佢結婚之前咩? 咁如果題目講係"got married", 咁點解唔係用"had lived"既??

THZ

回答 (3)

2017-02-08 4:28 pm
表示比過去某個時間點的另一件事更早發生或當時已結束時,用「過去完成式」時態,但如果有before或after等連接詞,可以讓讀者明確看出兩件事的先後順序時,常會用「過去簡單式」代替「過去完成式」。
所以After the soldiers "(had) left," I 'returned' to the village.(軍人「離開」發生在我「回來」之前;括號內的had可不用)

通常有動作的完成、經驗、狀態的持續等,發生在過去的某個時間點時,用「過去完成式」:
When I got home last night, I 'found' that somebody "had broken" into my house.(動作完成)
I "had never used" that DVD player before, so I 'decided' to test it out.(經驗)
I 'realized' that this "had never before been attempted."(經驗)
He "had lived" in Iraq for ten years before moving to Marlboro in 1987.(狀態的持續)

因為你問的句子裡有before這個字(提供過去的時間點),可以明確看出兩件事的時序,所以兩種寫法都正確:
John lived in Durban for a year before he got married.(這種寫法屬例外)
= John had lived in Durban for a year before he got married.(是按常規的寫法)
參考: p.93 綿貫陽著《新觀念英文法》眾文圖書公司2013年出版
2017-02-07 11:00 pm
"sequence of tenses" in grammar principles according to which the tenses of subordinate clauses (got married) are suited to the tenses of principal clause (lived).
"lived" and "got married" began and completed in the past without any connection with the present.
"lived" shows a repeated action in the past.
"got married" shows a past participle,eg. married; being married; state of being married.
2017-02-08 12:16 pm
可能嘗試這樣"猜想"這句的意思來回答你的問題。

John lived in Durban for a year before he got married,
由於全段都是過去時態,因此意思應該是記錄John的經歷而不是描述相對發生的事,所以是指John在Durban住了一年後便結婚。

你問為何不是had lived是因為had lived是表達已住了的時期之外,還包括指他已經不再住在Durban,因此應該跟他結了婚沒有關係,或者說句子不是要交代他結婚後至現在還是否住在Durban。假如你確實知道John在結婚後已經不是住在Durban的話,或者你可以說John had lived in Durban before he got married.


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