想請問英文文法的問題 謝謝。?

2016-12-12 12:10 pm
On the cold, black night of March 31, 2007, my mother and I scrambled down the steep, rocky bank of the frozen Yalu River that divides North Korea and China.
Q1:scrambled 為什麼要加上 d?
Q2:divides 為什麼要加上 s?

There were patrols above us and below, and guard posts one hundred Yards on either side of us manned by soldiers ready to shoot anyone attempting to cross the border.
Q3:patrols 為什麼要加上 s?
Q4:posts 為什麼要加上 s?
Q5:manned 為什麼不用原形動詞?

We had no idea what would come next, but we were, desperate to get to China, where there might be a chance to survive.
Q6:We had no idea 的 had 是什麼意思?這是過去完成式嗎?
Q7:where there 是可以翻譯為「某處+那裡」嗎?這種寫法我感覺好怪異,所以可以怎麼解釋?

謝謝。
更新1:

重新整理一下,看看我的理解是否正確: On the cold, black night of March 31, 2007, my mother and I scrambled down the steep, rocky bank of the frozen Yalu River that divides North Korea and China. Q1:scrambled 為什麼要加上 d? 因為作者是在寫過去的往事,該件事情已經做過,並且做完,所以使用過去簡單式。 Q2:divides 為什麼要加上 s? the frozen Yalu River that divides North Korea and China. 因為鴨綠江分割了北韓和中國是一個不變得事實,所以要用現在簡單式,而這個子句的主詞是「凍結的鴨綠江」,這是第三人稱單數,所以動詞必須要加上 s。

更新2:

There were patrols above us and below, and guard posts one hundred Yards on either side of us manned by soldiers ready to shoot anyone attempting to cross the border. Q3:patrols 為什麼要加上 s? patrols 是名詞,意思是巡邏兵,因為作者在逃亡的時候,周圍有很多的巡邏兵,所以名詞加上 s 表示有很多的巡邏兵。 Q4:posts 為什麼要加上 s? post 是名詞,意思是哨所,和 Q3 一樣,作者在逃亡的時候,周圍有很多的哨所,所以名詞加上 s 表示有很多的哨所在她旁邊。

更新3:

Q5:manned 為什麼不用原形動詞? manned 是過去分詞,這個字是「形容詞」,這邊是被動語態: manned by soldiers 守衛的哨所被士兵操控。 http://www.eng8.hk/grammar_encyclopaedia/grammar.php?id=18 被動語態的動詞必須使用「過去分詞」。

更新4:

We had no idea what would come next, but we were desperate to get to China, where there might be a chance to survive. Q6:We had no idea 的 had 是什麼意思?這是過去完成式嗎? 這只是過去式,We had no idea 是在表明作者逃亡的那個時候,她根本不知道下一步會發生什麼事情;但是假如改寫成如下: We have no idea what will come next,這句話的意思就變成「我現在根本不知道下一步會發生什麼事情」。 Q7:where there 是可以翻譯為「某處+那裡」嗎?這種寫法我感覺好怪異,所以可以怎麼解釋? 這個是形容詞子句的用法,形容詞子句的公式如下: S + V + O(受詞) + 形容詞子句 受詞是人,用 who 連接子句 受詞是物,用 which 連接子句 受詞是地點,用 where 連接子句。

更新5:

謝謝各位的幫助!

回答 (2)

2016-12-12 3:20 pm
✔ 最佳答案
Q1: 因為是過去式

Q2: the frozen Yalu River 是單數 (e.g, she likes flower, she 是單數)

Q3: patrols 是複數 (多過一個人)

Q4: guard posts = a small building for the soldiers who are protecting a place (警衛崗位)
多過一個 guard post 就用複數

Q5: manned by soldiers 是 passive voice
active voice: the soldiers is manning...
e.g.
active voice: I am cooking the dinner for my family.
passive voice: The dinner is cooked by me for my family.

Q6: had 是 have 的過去式
We had no idea 是指在當時作者的感受 (文中故事的時間), 不是寫文章時

Q7: 這個 where 是像 that 的用法 (解釋前面)
e.g.
- The physical health of people can be led by playing badminton, as it is an exercise "that" can increase the functions of people’s lung and heart.
- You are the one "who" are around me when I need company.
- Endorphins, a chemical "that" would increase people’s resistance to pain.
2016-12-12 4:13 pm
past=what happened in time before the present
eg:-In the past he has been a borderer and a rocker, and now he s a patrol.

past perfect=pluperfect technical in grammar=the form of a verb that shows that the action described by the verb was completed before a particular time in the past,stated understood, formed in English with HAD and a past participle.
eg:-He had been a rocker before he became a patrol.

where=adv,conj, at,to, from what/when place,position, or situation; at or to the place that,
eg:-Where do you live?
-----Where are you going?
-----Where did you get that gun from?
-----I asked her where she was going.---a statement.
----Where will all this trouble lead(=what result will it have on your Mom?)
----This is China where I work.
-----I told him where to kill.
----The crisis has reached such a point where the patrol has to be called in.
----Where possible(=whenever it is possible),we use fresh sharp knife.


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