He sprained his wrist punching the wall. 請問 sprained 動詞 後 punching 是什麼句型?

全句是「簡單句」
主詞：he
動詞：sprained
受詞：his wrist
修飾語：punching the wall（「分詞構句」修飾述部sprained his wrist，兩者發生的時間點「相同」，用現在分詞punching表示這是主動的行為）
「分詞構句」在英文文法書上稱之為participle clause或participial construction。

本句也可寫成：He sprained his wrist while punching the wall.或While punching the wall, he sprained his wrist.句焦點不在做為修飾語的分詞構句上，而是在主句上。

Rearranging w/o "while";
participial being a participle;
punching is a present participle
while punching the wall is a participle phrase;
eg:-He sprained his wrist
punching the wall.-----a participle phrase, adv.

punching the wall是現在分詞片語作為解釋或設定主句He sprained his wrist受傷的背景或原因。一般分詞片語先說作為表達一事件或一狀況導致主句的結果：

Punching the wall, he sprained his wrist.

希望這樣分析讓你明白，英語句式有些可以分拆重組或因應表達的意義(重點)改動的。

He sprained his wrist which punched the wall.=> He sprained his wrist punching the wall. ** which punched the wall.(a.cl.)=punching the wall是簡化的分詞構句.

punching the wall是副詞片語,用來形容sprained 動詞