Anyone knows how to do this?

2016-08-03 3:21 pm
98gram H3PO4 (Mw=98g/mol)
59.9955gram NaOH (Mw=39.997 g/mol)
Dilute to 1L with water

Phosphoric acid and its conjugate bases has pKa of 2.15, 7.20 and 12.32 respectively. Calculate the concentrations of pH affecting the chemicals (i.e the acid and it's conjugate base), as well as the pH after the solution has reached equilibrium.

回答 (1)

2016-08-03 6:08 pm
✔ 最佳答案
Initial concentrations :
[H₃PO₄]ₒ = [(98 g) / (98 g/mol)] / (1 L) = 1 M
[NaOH]ₒ = [(59.9955 g) / (39.997 g)] / (1 L) = 1.5 M

Firstly, H₃PO₄ reacts with NaOH to give NaH₂PO₄ and H₂O.
H₃PO₄(aq) + NaOH(aq) → NaH₂PO₄(aq) + H₂O(l)
Obviously, H₃PO₄ is the limiting reactant (limiting reagent) which completely reacts.
After reaction :
[NaOH] = (1.5 - 1) M = 0.5 M
[NaH₂PO₄] = 1 M

Then, NaH₂PO₄ reacts with NaOH to give Na₂HPO₄ and H₂O
NaH₂PO₄(aq) + NaOH(aq) → Na₂HPO₄(aq) + H₂O(l)
Obviously, NaOH is the limiting reactant (limiting reagent) which completely reacts.
After reaction :
[NaH₂PO₄] = (1 - 0.5) M = 0.5 M
[Na₂HPO₄] = 0.5 M

NaH₂PO₄ and Na₂HPO₄ completely dissociates in water.
Then, [H₂PO₄⁻] = [HPO₄²⁻] = 0.5 M

Consider the dissociation of H₂PO₄⁻ ions :
H₂PO₄⁻(aq) + H₂O(l) ⇌ HPO₄²⁻(aq) + H₃O⁺(aq) ...... pKₐ₂ = 7.20

pH = pKₐ₂ - log([H₂PO₄⁻]/[HPO₄²⁻]) = 7.20 - log(0.5/0.5) = 7.20


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