You can apply for a replacement ID.
Given that you have a child ID, the Immigration Department should have your fingerprint on record. The Immigration Department can verify your identity with your fingerprint and your British Passport.
It is best if you can prepare a police report for the lost ID.
Although a birth certificate is not a must for the replacement, in case you want to obtain one, see here:
http://www.immd.gov.hk/hkt/services/birth-death/Application_for_Search_of_Birth_Records_and_Certified_Copy_of_Birth_Entry.html
In your case, a record search must be done before a birth certificate can be issued.