In simple terms, because your two eyes see a slightly different image and your brain is able to combine these twos images to construct an accurate three-dimensional image of your surroundings.
If you only have one eye, you can't judge how far away an object is; unless you happen to know the size of the object. For example if you placed, a (realistic) toy car and a real car the same distance away from a person.
The person with two eyes would know they were the same distance away and that one of them was much smaller.
The person with one eye wouldn't be able to tell whether the two cars were different sizes and the same distance away, or the same size and different distances.
There are several excellent diagrams that explain the principle here:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binocular_vision
Your notion that having three eyes, would enable you to see in 4D is ridiculous. We already perceive at least four dimensions using our eyes, having a third eye would potentially increase your field of vision or increase your ability to perceive depth; depending on its location.