Taking the low hanging fruit first, this is a difference of two squares
x^6 – 64 = (x^3 – 8)(x^3 + 8)
The difference of two cubes is used less often, but should be known. It is :-
a^3 – b^3 = (a – b)(a^2 + ab + b^2) …………….(1)
x^3 – 2^3 = (x – 2)(x^2 + 2x + 4) …………………..(2)
It is no problem to replace b by –b in (1) and apply it similarly to (2)
x^3 + 2^3 = (x + 2)(x^2 - 2x + 4) …………………..(2)