Identify the limited reactant and show the work for the following?

2016-06-15 12:33 am
a) 10.000g of ammonium hydroxide reacting with a solution of hydrochloric acid prepared by dissolving 10.500g of HCl in 100mL of water
b) 10.00mL of .500M lead(II) acetate reacting with 15.00mL of .700M of sodium iodide
c)5.000g of sodium carbonate dissolved in 100mL of water with 45.00mL of 1.000M sulfuric acid
d) 35.00mL of 2.50M of silver(I) nitrate reacting with 20.00mL of .350 M of sodium sulfide

回答 (1)

2016-06-15 2:18 am
(a)
Molar mass of NH₄OH = (14.01 + 1.008×5 + 16.00) g/mol = 35.05 g/mol
Molar mass of HCl = (1.008 + 35.45 g/mol) = 36.46 g/mol

NH₄OH + HCl → NH₄Cl + H₂O
Mole ratio NH₄OH : HCl = 1 : 1

Initial number of moles of NH₄OH = (10.000 g) / (35.05 g/mol) = 0.2853 mol
Initial number of moles of HCl = (10.500 g) / (36.46 g/mol) = 0.2879 > 0.2853 mol

Hence, NH₄OH is the limiting reactant.


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(b)
(CH₃COO)₂Pb(aq) + 2NaI(aq) → PbI₂(aq) + CH₃COONa(aq)
Mole ratio (CH₃COO)₂Pb : NaI(aq) = 1 : 2

Initial no. of moles of (CH₃COO)₂Pb = (0.500 mmol/mL) × (10.00 mL) = 5.00 mmol
Initial no. of moles of NaI = (0.700 mmol/mL) × (15.00 mL) = 10.5 mmol > 2 × 5.00 mmol

Hence, (CH₃COO)₂Pb is the limiting reactant.


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(c)
Molar mass of Na₂CO₃ = (22.99×2 + 12.01 + 16.00×3) g/mol = 105.99 g/mol

Na₂CO₃(aq) + H₂SO₄(aq) → Na₂SO₄(aq) + H₂O(l) + CO₂(g)
Mole ratio Na₂CO₃ : H₂SO₄ = 1 : 1

Initial no. of moles of Na₂CO₃ = (5.000 g) / (105.99 g/mol) = 0.04717 mol
Initial no. of moles of H₂SO₄ = (1.000 mol/L) × (45.00/1000) = 0.04500 mol < 0.04717 mol

Hence, H₂SO₄ is the limiting reactant.


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(d)
2AgNO₃(aq) + Na₂S(aq) → Ag₂S(s) + 2NANO₃(aq)
Mole ratio AgNO₃ : Na₂S = 2 : 1

Initial no. of moles of AgNO₃ = (2.50 mmol/mL) × (35.00 mL) = 87.5 mmol
Initial no. of moles of Na₂S = (0.350 mmol/mL) × (20.00 mL) = 7 mmol < (1/2) × 87.5 mmol

Hence, Na₂S is the limiting reactant.


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