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2016-05-31 7:11 am
A mixture consisting of KCI and MgCl2 weighs 1.2505 g. The mixture was
dissolved in water and an excess of AgNO3 was added. The chloride ions
were precipitated as AgCl. The mass of AgCl obtained was 2.5788 g.
Calculate the percentages of KCI and MgCl2 in the original mixture.

回答 (1)

2016-05-31 8:03 am
Let a g and b g be the mass of KCl and that of MgCl₂ respectively.

From Wikipedia :
Molar mass of KCl = 74.5513 g/mol
Molar mass of MgCl₂ = 95.211 g/mol
Molar mass of AgCl = 143.32 g/mol

The conversion of KCl to AgCl :
KCl(aq) + AgNO₃(aq) → AgCl(s) + KNO₃(aq)
No. of moles of KCl = (a g) / (74.5513 g/mol) = (a/74.5513) mol
No. of moles of AgCl formed from KCl = [(a/74.5513) mol] × 1 = (a/74.5513) mol
Mass of AgCl formed from KCl = (143.32 g/mol)(a/74.5513 mol) = 1.9224a g

The conversion of MgCl₂ to AgCl :
MgCl₂(aq) + 2AgNO₃(aq) → 2AgCl(s) + Mg(NO₃)₂(aq)
No. of moles of KCl = (b g) / (95.211 g/mol) = (b/95.211) mol
No. of moles of AgCl formed from MgCl₂ = [(b/95.211) mol] × 2 = (2b/95.211) mol
No. of moles of AgCl formed from MgCl₂ = (143.32 g/mol)(2b/95.211 mol) = 3.0106b g

Mass of the mixture (g):
a + b = 1.2505 ...... [1]

Mass of AgCl form (g):
1.9224a + 3.0106b = 2.5788 ...... [2]

[1]×3.0106:
3.0106a + 3.0106b = 3.7648 ...... [3]

[3] - [2]:
1.0882a = 1.1860
a = 1.0899

Mass of KCl in the mixture = 1.0899 g
Percentage by mass of KCl in the mixture = (1.0899/1.2505) × 100% = 87.157%
Percentage by mass of MgCl₂ in the mixture = 1 - 85.157% = 12.843%


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