for the following?

2016-05-30 11:22 pm
For the following reaction, 67.0 grams of potassium hydroxide are allowed to react with 43.1 grams of phosphoric acid.

potassium hydroxide (aq) + phosphoric acid (aq) potassium phosphate (aq) + water (l)

What is the maximum amount of potassium phosphate that can be formed? grams

What is the FORMULA for the limiting reagent?


What amount of the excess reagent remains after the reaction is complete? grams

回答 (2)

2016-05-30 11:50 pm
Molar mass of KOH = (39.01 + 16.00 + 1.008) g/mol = 56.02 g/mol
Molar mass of H₃PO₄ = (1.008×3 + 30.97 + 16.00×4) g/mol = 97.99 g/mol
Molar mass of K₃PO₄ = (39.01×3 + 30.97 + 16.00×4) g/mol = 212.0 g/mol

Initial number of moles of KOH = (67.0 g) / (56.02 g/mol) = 1.196 mol
Initial number of moles of H₃PO₄ = (43.1 g) / (97.99 g/mol) = 0.4398 mol

3KOH(aq) + H₃PO₄(aq) → K₃PO₄(aq) + 3H₂O(l)
Mole ratio KOH : H₃PO₄ = 3 : 1

If KOH completely reacts :
Number of moles of H₃PO₄ needed = (1.196 mol) × (1/3) = 0.3987 mol < 0.4398 mol
Hence, H₃PO₄ is in excess, and the limiting reagent is KOH.

According to the equation, mole ratio KOH : K₃PO₄ = 3 : 1
Number of moles of KOH reacted = 1.196 mol
Maximum number of moles of K₃PO₄ formed = (1.196 mol) × (1/3)
Maximum mass of K₃PO₄ formed = (1.196 mol) × (1/3) × (212.0 g/mol) = 84.5 g

Formula of the limiting reagent : KOH

In the calculations above, number of moles of H₃PO₄ reacted = 0.3987 mol
The number of moles of excess reagent (H₃PO₄) remains = (0.4398 - 0.3987) mol = 0.0411 mol
The mass of excess reagent (H₃PO₄) remains = (0.0411 mol) × (97.99 g/mol) = 4.03 g
2016-05-30 11:50 pm
The molar mass of KOH is 56.11 g/mol; that of H₃PO₄ is 97.99 g/mol.
Therefore we have (67.0 g)/(56.11 g/mol) = 1.19 mol KOH and (43.1 g)/(97.99 g/mol) = 0.440 mol H₃PO₄.

The reaction equation is 3KOH (aq) + H₃PO₄ (aq) → K₃PO₄ (aq) + 3H₂O (l).
3 mol of KOH are needed for each mol of H₃PO₄, so we need 3(0.440 mol) = 1.32 mol KOH for the given amount of acid. Since there are only 1.19 mol KOH available, the KOH is the limiting reagent.

The mole ratio of KOH to K₃PO₄ is 3:1, so 1/3 of 1.19 mol of K₃PO₄ can be formed: 0.397 mol.
The molar mass of K₃PO₄ is 212.27 g/mol, so we get (0.397 mol)(212.27 g/mol) = 84.3 g.

The mole ratio of H₃PO₄ to K₃PO₄ is 1:1, so 0.397 mol H₃PO₄ is expended.
This is (0.397 mol)(97.99 g/mol) = 38.9 g, which means that 43.1 g - 38.9 g = 4.2 g remain.

(All results here are limited to 3 significant figures, so some differences will occur due to rounding.)


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