CHEM HELP PLEASE!!! A buffered solution containing dissolved aniline, C6H5NH2, and aniline hydrochloride, C6H5NH3Cl, has a pH of 5.64.?

2016-05-30 10:49 am
A buffered solution containing dissolved aniline, C6H5NH2, and aniline hydrochloride, C6H5NH3Cl, has a pH of 5.64.

a) Determine the concentration of C6H5NH3 in the solution if the concentration of C6H5NH2 is 0.335 M. The pKb of aniline is 9.13.


b) Calculate the change in pH of the solution, ΔpH, if 0.366 g NaOH is added to the buffer for a final volume of 1.10 L. Assume that any contribution of NaOH to the volume is negligible.

I am totally stumped on this homework problem, please if someone could explain how to get this answer!!

Thank you!

回答 (2)

2016-05-30 4:09 pm
✔ 最佳答案
(a)
pKb = -log(Kb) = 9.13
Thus, Kb = 10⁻⁹˙¹³

pH = 5.64
pOH = 14 - pH = 14 - 5.64 = 8.36
Then, [OH⁻] = 10⁻⁸˙³⁶

C₆H₅NH₂(aq) + H₂O(l) ⇌ C₆H₅NH₃⁺(aq) + OH⁻(aq) ...... Kb = 10⁻⁹˙¹³

At equilibrium :
Kb = [C₆H₅NH₃⁺] [OH⁻] / [C₆H₅NH₂]
10⁻⁹˙¹³ = [C₆H₅NH₃⁺] × 10⁻⁸˙³⁶ / 0.335
[C₆H₅NH₃⁺] = 10⁻⁹˙¹³ × 0.335 / 10⁻⁸˙³⁶ = 0.0569 M

====
(b)
Molar mass of NaOH = 22.99 + 16.00 + 1.01 = 40.00 g/mol
No. of moles of NaOH = (0.366 g) / (40.00 g/mol) = 0.00915 mol
Molarity of NaOH in the solution before reaction = (0.00915 mol) / (1.10 L) = 0.00832 M

Reaction taking place after the addition of NaOH :
C₆H₅NH₃⁺(aq) + OH⁻(aq) → C₆H₅NH₂(aq) + H₂O(l)

Neglecting the dissociation of C₆H₅NH₂, after the above reaction :
[C₆H₅NH₃⁺]ₒ = 0.0569 - 0.00832 = 0.0486 M
[C₆H₅NH₂]ₒ = 0.335 + 0.00832 = 0.343 M

Consider the dissociation of C₆H₅NH₂ :
C₆H₅NH₂(aq) + H₂O(l) ⇌ C₆H₅NH₃⁺(aq) + OH⁻(aq) ...... pKb = 9.13
Because of the small Kb and the common ion effect due to the presence of C₆H₅NH₃⁺ ions, the dissociation of C₆H₅NH₂ is negligible.
[C₆H₅NH₂] ≈ [C₆H₅NH₂]ₒ = 0.343 M
[C₆H₅NH₃⁺] ≈ [C₆H₅NH₃⁺]ₒ = 0.0486 M

After the addition of NaOH :
pOH = pKb - log([C₆H₅NH₂]/[C₆H₅NH₃⁺]) = 9.13 - log(0.343/0.0486) = 8.28
pH = 14 - pOH = 14 - 8.28 = 5.72

Change in pH, ΔpH = 5.72 - 5.64 = +0.08
2016-05-30 11:44 am
a)
pH = 5.64 = pKb - lg(HA/0.335) = 4.87 - lg(HA/0.335)

lg(HA/0.335) = -0.77

HA = 0.057 M


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