How do you dig into a nucleus?

You know the meaning of wavelength. The object size should be larger than the wave length. You know the sizes of nucleus. The wavelengths should be much smaller than that.High energy gamma rays will do. Or use particle with velocities such that it deBroglie wave length is smaller than the nuclear size.

Shoot i keep forgetting this stuff. Yes use those but i forget how they do it. For now.
EDIT: So they excite the particle and it emits alpha and beta particles, and gamma rays. I guess count how many particles and get the protons, and neutrons. Look i like science but i can not remember how it's done.