2x-6y+3z等于7 根号 x+5,的平方加y-1的平方加z-3平方的最小值等于多少?

2016-03-18 3:49 pm

回答 (1)

2016-03-18 4:54 pm
2x - 6y + 3z = 7 變形得 2(x+5) - 6(y-1) + 3(z-3) = 14.
命 k = 4(x+5)² + 4(y-1)² + 4(z-3)² , 則 k = (14 + 6(y-1) - 3(z-3))² + 4(y-1)² + 4(z-3)² , 令 a = y-1 , b = z-3 ,
則 k = (14 + 6a - 3b)² + 4a² + 4b²
k = 36a² + 9b² + 196 - 36ab - 84b + 168a + 4a² + 4b²
40a² + (168 - 36b)a + 13b² - 84b + 196 - k = 0
a 為實數, 故 △ = (168 - 36b)² - 4*40(13b² - 84b + 196 - k) ≥ 0 ,
(42 - 9b)² - 10(13b² - 84b + 196 - k) ≥ 0
1764 - 756b + 81b² - 130b² + 840b - 1960 + 10k ≥ 0
49b² - 84b + 196 - 10k ≤ 0
b 為實數, 故 △ = 84² - 4*49(196 - 10k) ≥ 0 ,
6² - (196 - 10k) ≥ 0
10k ≥ 196 - 36
k ≥ 16
4(x+5)² + 4(y-1)² + 4(z-3)² ≥ 16
(x+5)² + (y-1)² + (z-3)² ≥ 4
√((x+5)² + (y-1)² + (z-3)²) ≥ 2
∴ √((x+5)² + (y-1)² + (z-3)²) 的最小值= 2 ,
當 b = 84/(2*49) = 42/49 ; a = (36b - 168)/(2*40) = - 12/7
即 z = 3 + 42/49 = 27/7 ; y = 1 - 12/7 = - 5/7 ; x = (7 - 3(27/7) - 6(5/7))/2 = - 31/7 時取到.
驗算:
2(-31/7) - 6(-5/7) + 3(27/7) = 7 , √((-31/7 + 5)² + (-5/7 - 1)² + (27/7 - 3)²) = 2.


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