List and briefly describe four different ways that bacteria acquire resistance.?

o Accumulation of mutations. Hey, it could happen. Through small changes, a gene or genes is changed so that its product will digest or pump out or process or slow action of, say, an antibiotic
o Bacterial conjugation. A bacterium receives a copy of a plasmid from another bacterium during conjugation, and that particular plasmid happens to have resistance genes on it.
o Transformation. A "competent" bacterium picks up DNA from the external environment that happens to carry some resistance genes on it. The "competent" bacterium then expresses those genes.
o Transduction. A bacterium is infected by a virus. The virus happened to be carrying some resistance genes.