How does the temperature and luminosity of the Sun compare to that of the other stars on the Main Sequence?

The sun is a yellow dwarf; there are smaller stars, and much larger. Generally, the smaller the star, the more common they are; red dwarfs are the smallest stars - and they make up about 82 to 85% of our galaxy; Stars like our sun are larger than these, but less common. And, there are larger stars - like Sirius, about 6 times the mass of our sun, and huge stars - as large as the orbit of Jupiter - nearly a billion miles across - but, the larger they are, the rarer they are as well. So... the sun is larger than most of the stars, but far from being called 'large'.

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Luminosity Compare