Typically C / C++, that's the commonest language for the majority of serious programs, especially where processing speed is crucial such as with real-time game graphics.
There are quite a few free development systems for working with C, both for PCs and mobile devices.
eg. Codeblocks or the free version of MS Visual C++
Some examples:
http://www.wtfdiary.com/2012/08/8-best-and-free-ide-for-c-and-c.html
For a system that can be used with any form of device - desktop / laptop / phone / tablet - look at Marmalade.
There is a free version of that and there are masses of sample code fragments and up to complete games.
It includes OpenGL capability so is fully capable of real-time 3D graphics on any of these systems.
https://www.madewithmarmalade.com/
http://www.drmop.com/index.php/2011/09/12/hello-marmalade-introduction-to-the-marmalade-sdk-the-ultimate-cross-platform-sdk-for-smart-phones-and-tablets/
(Re. another answer - Swift is an alternate language for Apple devices and Hadoop is a distributed data store, not a programming language as such..)