In theory, the pH values of 1M HCl and 10M HCl are not the same. The 1M HCl should have a pH of 0 and the 10M HCl should have a pH of -1. If you try to measure that with a pH meter, it may be problematic because the pH meter may not be able to display negative pH values and so both show 0 for the pH. A second problem can arise with the choice of the pH electrode. Some electrodes may not reliably indicate pH values that low.
A second problem has more to do with the chemistry of HCl than the ability to measure the H+ concentration. As the concentration increases a phenomenon known as ion-pairing increases. It's not the same as H+ and Cl- recombining to form the covalent bond and make HCl. It is an elecrostatic attraction that may last for a very short period of time before the H+ and Cl- ions move on to other partners. But it is enough to "confuse" the ability of a detector to measure accurately the hydrogen ion concentration. Due to ion pairing, the 10M HCl hydrogen ion concentration will not be much different from the 1M HCl hydrogen ion concentration.