✔ 最佳答案
P1 Features:
1) Air quality, ozone quality
2) Soil quality, natural drainage
3) Landscape, land use, green belts, agriculture,
4) Forestry, countryside, heritage
5) Water resources, water quality, marine environment
6) Wildlife, biodiversity, natural habitat
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P2 Global pollution:
1) Build-up of greenhouse gases (CO2) causing global warming
2) Polluting emissions to air causing acid rain, ozone depletion due to use
of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
3) Over-extraction of water, fossil fuels and raw materials
4) Increased energy consumption, electricity generation, deforestation,
loss of natural habitat, reduction in biodiversity
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P3 Local pollution:
1) Air pollution from combustion products and volatile organic compounds
(VOCs)
2) Polluting discharge to water by communities, industry and agriculture,
contaminated land, waste disposal,
3) Comfort disturbances by traffic, smells, noise, dust and dirt,
increased pressure on existing services and infrastructure
4) Specification of hazardous materials e.g. lead and asbestos,
extraction of raw materials by drilling, mining and quarrying
5) Electromagnetic radiation from overhead power lines,
'sick building' syndrome
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P4 FOUR key methods:
1) Protection by legislation: (for UK: relevant Acts of Parliament,
UK regulations, European directives)
(for Hong Kong: Hong Kong Basic Laws & Regulations)
2) Protection by control: Health and Safety Regulations, Environment
Agency (EA), local authorities e.g. environmental services, planning,
building and control departments.
3) Protection by design and specification: reduction in energy usage,
minimisation of pollution, reduction in embedded energy, specification
of environmentally friendly materials, re-use of existing building
and sites.
2015-01-09 06:35:29 補充：
4) Protection by management: simple environmental impact assessments
(EIAs), improved management of construction sites, clear policies and
objectives (e.g. reduction in wastage, increase in recycling, noise
management, dust and dirt control),
2015-01-09 06:39:11 補充：
sharing of good practice, raising awareness, communication of information.
P5 Fit-for-purpose
1) Energy-based techniques: e.g. reduced energy consumption, improved
energy efficiency, use of renewable and alternative sources of energy.
2015-01-09 06:41:38 補充：
2) Materials-based techniques: e.g. specification of renewable materials,
consideration of embodied energy and low-energy manufacture of materials
and components.
2015-01-09 06:43:19 補充：
3) Waste-based techniques: e.g. producing less waste and recycling more
materials, off-site prefabrication, modern methods of construction.
2015-01-09 22:49:54 補充：
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