有關現在完成式問題一問

請問 :Raymond 與 發問者
Word II 是什麼?

TOMING88:
What is “World ll”?

自己不知道主語 (subject) 是什麼,
不想隨便回答

My wild guess -
1. World War II (Second World War) 第二次世界大戰
2. a computer game, a movie, a song, a book ....etc
4. Microsoft Word for Windows ver. 2.0 (software)

Your guess is as good as mine.

2014-12-24 13:24:44 補充：
謝謝 Raymond’s comment. 不見發問者的回應

Word II has ended.

假定 Word II 打錯,. 如果Word II 可由 World War II (第二次世界大戰) 代替, 覺得上述的句子有問題.
我會寫:

World War II ended in 1945.
World War II ended many years ago.

我不會寫 World War II ended. 這樣寫文法雖然是對, 但是無什麼意義

第二次世界大戰是1945 年結束.
發問者的句子是無 time expression, World War II has ended. 給人誤會是最近結束. Present perfect 可用在 more recent past. 但 69 年前結束不是.
World War II 是 historical event in a finished period of time. 應用 past simple tense. 雖然無 includes specific time.使用 present perfect tense 是錯

Present perfect 可表達持續, 動作在過去時間發生, 一直持續到現在
“end” 是 non-durative verb, 無持續性, World War II 不會打到現在結束

Present perfect 可表結果, 動作發生在過去, 但是對現在有影響, 而這個影響往往是說話人的興趣所在. 不要忘記 Present perfect是 present tense, 說話或書寫的人 focuses on the effect or result at the time of speaking or writing. 問題這用法不能應用在這句子. “end “ functions as an intransitive verb, 無 object, (不像 teach, enrich, give ..,) 表什麼結果? This rule sometimes is very vague. We can argue that everything we express has a present relevance regardless of the tense we choose. (Why else would we be saying or writing it?) Nonetheless, in examples such as “I have lost my keys!” there is a clear focus on the present state of anxiety.

許多的人認為”已經發生”或”已經完成” 翻譯可用 Present perfect tense 沒有理會 subject 是什麼, verb 是什麼, 尤其歷史事件, 歷史人物
我覺得同樣地

W. A. Mozart has died. ~ wrong
Japanese planes have attacked the U.S. Naval Base at Pearl Harbor ~ wrong

World ll has just ended-----
the immediate past
World ll has already ended----
indicates completion.
"just" and "already" denote actions completed recently.
The present perfect tense denotes present results of past actions.

正確，無問題。

早前我上載了一些錄像在Youtube，解釋一些基本的文法規則，這個錄像正正回答你的問題，希望可以幫到你。

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EvC5ID9iCCM


2014-12-17 08:58:52 補充：
I assume he was talking about World War ll
I suppose Microsoft Word for Windows ver. 2.0 does not really end.
It is possible but unlikely to say that a computer game, ... has ended.
I didnt point out 'Word ll' issue, my fault.