running man, man running

Participle acts as an adjective in a sentence, with present participle bearing an active meaning and past participle normally giving a passive sense (with few exceptions as "fallen leaves"...).

1. When placed in an attributive position before noun, the participle acts like a pure adjective and couldn't take object or adjunct.

~ The running man is Ken. ("running" as attributive adjective)
~ The running slowly up the hill man is Ken. (wrong)
consider: The man, Ken, is running slowly up the hill.

2 When placed in a predicative position after the noun it modifies, the participle acts as an adjectival phrase (a reduction of adjectival clause) and could take an object or adjunct to form a participle phrase.

~ The man running is Ken. (can be viewed as a reduction of " The man who is running is Ken.)
~ The man running slowly up the hill is Ken. (correct)


Reporting a situation with different scenarios:

a) Ken, an injured man (injured is an adjective), is running alone:
~ The running injured man is Ken.
~ The injured man (who is) running is Ken.
Both sentences are correct with same meaning.

b) Ken, an injured man (the only one injured), is running with other men:
~ The injured running man is Ken.
~ The running man (who is) injured is Ken.
Both sentences are correct with same meaning.

c) Ken, a man, is being injured (passive in present continuous) while running:
~ The running man being injured is Ken.

2014-11-30 04:58:04 補充：
補充:
In (2) above, if you change the subject to "Ken", you have to set off the sentence with comma:

Ken, running slowly up the hill, is a man.

2014-11-30 05:12:41 補充：
補充:
c) The man being injured while running is Ken. (also correct with clearer description of actions)

1.正在跑步中的男人是Ken
2.那男人在跑步,他是Ken