✔ 最佳答案
Q 1:
# 1
Utilitarianism is a consequence-oriented philosophy that says the best actions are those that produce the greatest good for the greatest number. The decision to keep the patient alive is based on the possibility of patient’s recovery, quality of life if the patient regains consciousness and at what cost. I think the amount of money can be put into better use on other medical facilities. The worst of all, the end result is uncertain. Whichever is most likely to bring about the most happiness (or at least the greatest balance of happiness over unhappiness) is the right action.
# 2
Deontological (duty-based) ethics are concerned with what people do, not with the consequences of their actions. Morality is a matter of duty. It is the duty of a doctor to save life, not to end the life of a human being, even though the chance of the patient recovering is extremely slim and the medical costs are exorbitantly high. The concept of sanctity of life is deeply entrenched in the mind.
The question places any doctor in a dilemma. Imagining I am the attending physician and I am forced to take a stand on this issue. I opt for the first choice after weighing up all options carefully, which is sensible as long as I don’t lose sight of what is important for most people as well as the patient.
Q 2:
The best children are the ones who always do things (not evil deeds) to their best of ability, irrespective of their intrinsic intelligence. They should learn to accept with serenity the things that cannot be changed (不可強求, 要知足), courage to change the things which should be changed, and the wisdom to distinguish the one from the other.
As a potential parent, I cannot but think that the idea of using genetic interventions to have the ''best'' children haunts me. What is best for one child may not be the same for others. Every child is unique.Do you like to have robot-like children who are programmed to please you? ~ Best in what? (十項全能 because of good genes!), ...
-- continue in 意見欄
2014-12-01 08:38:24 補充:
Your children perform perfectly in every activity they participate.
Perfection is a trifle dull. It is not the least of life’s ironies that this, which we all aim at, is better not quite achieved. It is important that children have a mind of their own.
2014-12-01 08:43:14 補充:
They must have the courage of their convictions. We live in the imperfect world. It is through endless failure and hardship that children learn humility and perseverance. All these are good maxims, although they are a little difficult to live up to.
~ Just my 2 cents. 只作參考.
參考: R. Niebuhr