participle用於狀語

[Participle 用法]
(From http://dict.dreye.com/ews/dict.php?w=participle&hidden_codepage=01&ua=dc_cont&project=nd&)【文】分詞[C]
There are two types of participle in English: the past participle and the present participle.
英語中有兩類分詞: 過去分詞和現在分詞。

[Adverbial 的定義]
"Adverbial" is the Adjective Form of the word, "Adverb". (副詞的)
For example, Adverbial Phrase = 副詞的詞組



[狀語的定義]
狀語 = adverbial = 副詞的
(Reference: http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8B%80%E8%AA%9E)
這是形容動詞 (Verb) 的詞性。


For Participle Phrase, here helps you:
https://www.google.com.hk/webhp?sourceid=chrome-instant&ion=1&espv=2&es_th=1&ie=UTF-8#sourceid=chrome-psyapi2&es_th=1&ie=UTF-8&q=participle%20phrase


Hope I can help you ^_^

2014-11-21 21:56:06 補充：
補充 participle：

e.g. I have had my lunch.

i am using "present perfect tense" in the above sentence.

Here helps you a lot:
https://www.google.com/#q=past+participle
http://www.learnenglish.de/grammar/participlepast.html

2014-11-21 21:56:38 補充：
For example:-

I have learnt English. (Learnt is part of the verb phrase 'have learnt')

It can be used to form the passive voice.

For example:-

Her hair was well brushed.

It can also be used as an adjective.

2014-11-21 21:56:46 補充：
For example:-

As an adjective: He had a broken arm. (Broken is used here as an adjective.)

Here is a comprehensive list of irregular verbs.

- See more at: http://www.learnenglish.de/grammar/participlepast.html#sthash.ZLmkHwgk.dpuf

adverbial 的定義

Adverbial (noun) = any word, phrase or clause used like an adverb (including the simple adverb alone) whether functioning as an element in clause structure or at some other level.

Adverbial (adjective) = of or pertaining to an adverb.

2014-11-24 09:45:43 補充：
Adverbial (第三個定義:

Adverbial (noun) = One of the five elements of clause structure (symbolized by A), comparable to Subject (S), Verb (V), Object (O), and Complement (C)

2014-11-24 09:54:47 補充：
Gerund = -ing form of the verb that functions as a NOUN or nominal.
e.g. Trying and succeeding are two different things.
(Trying 和 succeeding 是 gerunds)

"He came looking for me."
"looking for me" 不是 gerund phrase. 因為不能用 noun 或 noun phrase 代替

2014-11-24 10:39:58 補充：
Examples of adverbial

She sang loudly. (loudly ~ adverb)
She stood over there. (over there ~ adverbial phrase)
Don't use the oven unless I'm here. (unless I'm here.~ adverbial clause)
He walks dragging his left foot. (dragging his left foot .~ participial phrase)

2014-11-24 11:00:30 補充：
Examples of adverbial

We drove under the bridge. (under the bridge ~ prepositional phrase modifying the verb "drove")

He is anxious to join the club. (to join the club ~ infinitive phrase modifying the adjective "anxious")

Participle phrase functions most of the time, if not always (as noted by most of the grammar books), as an adjectival phrase modifying noun or noun phrase.

However, participle phrase can sometimes function as an adverbial phrase modifying the main clause, the verb or verb phrase.

I think, the use of participle phrase as adverbial modifier is limited to only a few situations and some specific verbs.

A. Examples:
intransitive verb: come (from Oxford dictionary)

3 [intransitive] to arrive somewhere in order to do something or get something
~ come to do something
例： I've come to get my book. (infinitive phrase: adverb of purpose)
~ come doing something
例： He came looking for me. (participle phrase: adverb of purpose)

5 [intransitive] to move in a particular way or while doing something else
~ come doing something (+ adv.preposition)
例： The children came running into the room.

爭議點:
(1) "running into the room" is a participle phrase functioning as adverbial to modify the verb "came" to show how the children came (adverb of manner).

(2) it functions as an adjectival modifier of the subject "the children";
(a) however, it can't be the primary predicate because "came" is not a linking verb there;
(b) so, it has to be the secondary predicate in order to be a adjectival modifier (that is, The children was running into the room when they came.)

B. Examples:
The participle phrase led by the present participle of causative verbs (let, make, have and get) would normally function as an adverbial modifier of the main clause.

例：The school has recently installed 30 additional lockers, letting the new students store their books.

例：I left my car in the garage, having the mechanic check the brakes.

例：The ICAC officer offered him a cup of coffer, getting him to tell the truth.

2014-11-22 03:32:23 補充：
typos: The children were running into the room when they came.

2014-11-22 03:42:57 補充：
typos: a cup of coffee

2014-12-01 19:14:17 補充：
如何分辨是gerund還是participle phrase用於modify verb:

Gerund phrase functions as noun and can be:
1. subject of sentence
2. direct object of transitive verb
3. object of preposition