INTPs and INTJs have completely different cognitive functions. The former has Ti-Ne-Si-Fe while the latter has Ni-Te-Fi-Se. Here is a very simplified description of such:
https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20141015142032AA2ra9O
Introverted intuition dominant INTJ lives in a world of far-reaching implications, underlying meanings, patterns, connections, insights, and symbols.
Introverted thinking dominant INTP lives in a world of logic, systems, principles, consistency, structure, and frameworks
So stereotypically...
Both the INTP and INTJ are intellectual.
The INTP excels at analyzing, troubleshooting, and breaking apart concepts, giving him an excellent grasp of them (dominant Ti). His keen, moment-to-moment awareness of that which is not present gives him an intellectual wit, quirky humor, and a mind open to theoretical possibilities (auxiliary Ne). He pursues knowledge for its own sake. He knows at least a little bit about everything - academics, pop culture, current news, music, trends, sports, etc. - being a jack-of-all trades in that respect. The INTJ, however, is adept at forming associations between events and occurrences, giving him depth of understanding, insight, and foresight (dominant Ni). Unlike the INTP, who uses process-oriented thinking, the INTJ utilizes results-oriented, execution style thinking, striving for the practical application of his knowledge (auxiliary Te). He pays close attention to the knowledge that he can use as catalyst to gain the upper hand in life. This also means that the kind of reasoning used by the INTJ is more down-to-earth than the kind used by INTP. (Ti = type of thinking used by Einstein, Te = type of thinking used by a court judge)
On the flip side, the INTP has a comparatively difficult time getting in touch with his stored sensory database of concrete, tangible experience, making him somewhat scatter-brained, absentminded, and forgetful (tertiary Si). He also has trouble in understanding social dynamics and identifying his emotions (inferior Fe). He bottles up his feelings so well, without even realizing it, disallowing himself from feeling. While the INTP doesn't feel his feelings, the INTJ has a hard time expressing his emotions (tertiary Fi). It is also not easy for an INTJ to form personal value judgments that are not based on predetermined logistical expectations for behavior. He is easily overwhelmed by a relatively low amount of sensory stimulus, making it a challenge for him to purely engage in his five senses, and so relies on his intellect for comfort (inferior Se). His ability to indiscriminately, naturally soak up worldly information is diminished. The information tends to just not stick. So, in contrast to the INTP, he may know a lot about a few topics, but next to nothing about anything else. He may remember only the information that feeds his intuition and the knowledge that he can pragmatically use to directly enhance his life, with respect to efficiency, progression, and accomplishment.