高中化學~主量子數n=5之軌域

答案如下：


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2014-10-04 20:34:28 補充：
Theoretically speaking, there are g, h and i orbitals, but applying to no element.

Moreover, the atoms with high atomic number are very unstable, and thus their electronic configurations are hardly to confirmed. That of Lv in my answer is 'guessed' by polonium (Z = 84).

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現在的週期表因為只有發現道第118號元素，也就是Uuo，
電子組態：[Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p6

而根據構築原理/奧福堡定則(Aufbau Principle)，填入電子時應從低能量軌域優先填入，因此：

1s
2s 2p
3s 3p 3d
4s 4p 4d 4f
5s 5p 5d 5f 5g
6s 6p 6d 6f 6g 6h
7s 7p 7d 7f 7g 7h 7i
8s 8p 8d......

因此填完 5f -> 6d -> 7p 之後
應該要填入8s -> 5g -> 6f -> 7d ->8p ...
但是因為還沒有發現有更高原子序的元素，因此說g軌域或以上不存在也不為過
特別要注意的是，若高原子序元素真的存在，能階由低至高： s p d f g h i k l m n...
必須跳過 j

There are NOT only s/p/d/f orbitals. There're g, h, i etc. orbitals.
However, currently no elements are known to have these orbitals occupied in their ground states.

2014-10-03 23:39:31 補充：
Elements with g-orbital occupied at ground state would have atomic number of 121; while atomic number of the largest atom known is just 118.

There are only s, p, d and f orbitals. The letters of s, p, d and f refer to different groups of lines in the line spectra of the alkali metals. The line groups were called 's'harp, 'p'rincipal, 'd'iffuse and 'fundamental'.