英文文法問題同動詞組

It is difficult to distinguish an "--ing" noun from a present participle (same)eg:-subject of a verb,object of a verb, object of a prepostion:-
eg:-The running man was running up rather than running down.
eg:-He told how hard exercising had been;how his muscles had ached in moving up and moving down.
eg:-Many students are addicted on the" gaming on the phone."
eg:-Computing on the mobile-phone are easily becoming addicted to.
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A present participle clause can be used directly after a noun to indicate something is doing something:-
eg:-He is calling towards the 3 men challenging on ice-bucket challenging.
eg:-The baby was crying after ice-bucket challenging containing ice-cubes.
eg:-The scream of a baby dying in freezing cold is the result of ice-bucket challenging.
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A gerund is a noun formed from a verb which refers to an action,process, or state, where gerunds end in "--ing" are:-eg:-running" and "thinking"
eg:-a man who is running= a running man;
eg:-Thinking, eating, ice-bucket challenging, are pursuit in which we freely indulge .
eg:-Mobile-phone gaming is reckless gaming when you're driving.
eg:-You are the best when boating or window-shopping with your girl-friend.

首先要知道一個字的詞性, 名詞和動詞的功能.
move和 call 可以是名詞或動詞
I will give you a call. (call 是名詞)
I will call you. (call 是動詞)

當動詞 + ing, calling 是現在分詞 (present participle) 或動名詞 (gerund )
現在分詞主要用來組成 continuous tense 或 participial phrase.
I am calling her.
I spent the whole morning calling you. (“calling you” 是 present participial phrase)
Thank you for calling. (calling 是 gerund, 功能當 noun 用)
calling (noun) = 使命感, 神的感召, 職業 (另一解釋)

move up (晉升; 向前移; 上漲) 是 verbal phrase (verb + preposition or adverb)
Interest rate moved up.
That technician moves up to become an engineer.
Moving up in a big company is not easy.
(“Moving up in a big company” ~ gerund phrase; subject of the sentence.)

compound noun 是兩個 nouns 組成, 是一件東西, 事件
例子: phone bill, school uniform
phone poisoning 是 compound noun, 第一個 noun 是 classifying noun, 什麼 poisoning
poisoning(中毒) 在字典分開列為 noun
例子: food poisoning

running man 中的 running, 是現在分詞, 放在名詞前面, 可做形容詞, 形容個名詞
例子 running costs 經營成本,
Running Man 是否電影名字?

"I got call by him." (call 是 noun, 不是 verb)
call-out 整個字是 noun,
有些 verb - preposition, 變成 noun,
例如 stand-by, sit-in, shoot-out

good - better - best
superlative 前面有 the

"You are the best."
It is the best we can do.
best 是 noun

He is the best student.
當 "the best" 放在名詞前面, best 是形容詞
format:~ the best + noun,

許多的形容詞, 前面加 the, 變成名詞
She cares for the poor.
the poor = the poor people
the rich = the rich people


2014-09-06 01:35:09 補充：
Nouns with superlative adjectives normally have the article "the".
不是所有的 spuerelative 前面要加 the, 看怎樣用
We do not use "the" with superlative when we compare the same person or thing in different situations.
He works hardest when he is alone.

2014-09-06 01:51:46 補充：
上面的 hardest 是 adverb, 不過是 superlative form.

He is one of the best. (best 是 noun)
"The Good, the Bad and the Ugly" ~ 1966 年電影, Clint Eastwood 演
Good, Bad, Ugly ~ adjectives 當 nouns 用

2014-09-07 09:12:41 補充：
To TOMING88 :

你對 gerund 和 present participle 亂七八糟
gerrund 只能作 noun
running man ~ running 不是 gerrund
running 是 present participle, 當 adjective 用, 形容 man
在字典 running 是分開地列為 adjective
boating 和 window-shopping 不是 gerrund, 是 present participle

addicted to, 不是 addicted in

先答了最後the best這問
小學你都學過good, better, best這類比較的adj，但是當時可能只是教了這比較意思而沒教真正寫作時的文法結構...best是英語邏輯中叫做終極(ultimate)的意義的字是等同指定某物時要當作是指定的事，所以best一般必定要加上the這個article好像指明是唯一的最好。這種英文寫作詞彙便只有記住和多看書習慣寫法便可以了，不用太詳細分析的。就算用這best來形容其他東西也一樣：It is the best trip in my life.

關於xxxing你的理解正確...英文字就係咁容易變身，所以可以創作和使用的組合是無限(但不是無限制的)，多點留心便學多些不同的變化和意思上的用法。基本上用xxxing是並不一定是表示進行(只有當寫為is/are xxxing才是)，用作名詞表達一種狀況(沒有時間性和進行性的)。moving up並不是表達正在移動上來的過程，而是表達人們不斷移上來這種情況，就像中文"人潮"是借用潮水的推進和浪的感覺來製成詞語，你讀時會有潮湧的感覺，但是文法分析上這詞語是名詞，以表達一種狀況，而不是以動作的意義"人正在推進擠擁中"。


call out這句是指召喚 (一般是主動詞"叫出聲"/"大叫")
"i got "call out"是我被召喚了(口語或意義上是被人擺上枱/舉了出來)
"i got call out by him"我被他點了出來
call out是一個phrase所以不當是兩個動詞

你能多讀英文和留意這類現代英語寫法/講法很好...可以學識很多不是書本的英文應用的。