✔ 最佳答案
正如 知識長 淺出的回答,在意思層面上 清楚地 說明了"back"這副詞在句子中的用法。
我希望能用一個 更深入的方法 去解釋,它在文法上和句子結構上的作用。
你必須認識一種句子結構:
Subject (S) + Linking Verb (LV) + Subject Complement (SC)
LV = 連系動詞 (例如 "be", "feel", "become" 等等) 作用為連接 S 和 SC。
SC = 主語補語,作用在於修飾和補充主語。
LV + SC 成為句子的 謂語 (predicate),是完整句子的必要元素。
基本上,有兩種 SC 去完成整個 謂語(predicate).
1. predicate nominal (noun)
例 He is a boy. (boy ~名詞)
2. predicate adjective
例 He is good. (good ~ 形容詞)
He is a good boy. (a good boy ~ 名詞phrase) = 第一種結構
另一種相似的句子結構:
S + LV ("be") + Predicative Adverbial (of place or locative ~ 表示位置的)
predicate adverb tells the position of the subject in terms of "state" (狀態上) but not "action" (動作上)
例 He was "here" (just now).
例 I will be "home" (tomorrow).
例 He will be "back" (in 5 minutes).
例 The snake is "in the bag". (prepositional phrase as adverbial)
相反地,adjunct (修飾語的) adverb tells the position (where, to where, or from where) of the subject in terms of "action" (動作上)
例 He was sitting "here" when I came in. (動作 ~ sit)
例 I will drive "home" after work. (動作 ~ drive)
例 He will go "back" to America. (動作 ~ go)
例 The snake is put "in the bag". (動作 ~ is put)
2014-08-24 04:42:34 補充:
例 The snake is sleeping "in the bag". (動作 ~ sleep)
2014-08-24 05:08:45 補充:
另外,
predicate adverb 不能省略 (ungrammatical),
adjunct adverb 則可以省略 (still grammatical),雖然意思不完整。