BIO what is allel?

By controlling the types of proteins a cell makes,
genes determine the body characteristic or traits of an organism.

通過控制蛋白質的細胞，使之類型，
基因決定身體特徵或生物體的性狀。

Each inherited characteristic is controlled by a gene or several genes.
A gene can exist in 2 or more alternative forms called allels,
which occur at the same locus on a pair of homologous chromesomes.

每個繼承特性由一個基因或多個基因控制的。
基因可以在 2 個或多個所謂的 等位基因 替代形式存在，
它發生在一對同源染色體上的相同基因座。

Allele

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An allele (UK /ˈæliːl/ or US /əˈliːl/), or allel, is one of a number of alternative forms of the same gene or same genetic locus.[1][2] It is the alternative form of a gene for a character producing different effects. Sometimes, different alleles can result in different observable phenotypic traits, such as different pigmentation. However, many genetic variations result in little or no observable variation.

Most multicellular organisms have two sets of chromosomes; that is, they are diploid. These chromosomes are referred to as homologous chromosomes. Diploid organisms have one copy of each gene (and, therefore, one allele) on each chromosome. If both alleles are the same, they and the organism are homozygous and the organisms are homozygotes. If the alleles are different, they and the organism are heterozygous and the organisms are heterozygotes.

A population or species of organisms typically includes multiple alleles at each locus among various individuals. Allelic variation at a locus is measurable as the number of alleles (polymorphism) present, or the proportion of heterozygotes in the population.

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