✔ 最佳答案
1.不是所有的時間都+Ving的。你會遇到各種不同的狀況。
如果是尚未發生的事件,我們用不定詞簡單式:
The time to leave is after they've served coffee.(不定詞to leave是修飾名詞time的修飾語)
I am sorry I didn't have time to change.(不定詞to change當time的修飾語)
It is time to do your homework.(不定詞to do your homework是延遲的主詞)
He spend a lot of time (in) solving the problem. (這裡的solving...是動名詞,當介系詞in的受詞,in可省略)結構是to spend xxx in doing xxx
Some parents have a difficult time (when they are) communicating with their children ...
這裡是將一個形容詞子句簡化成分詞片語,而分詞簡單式communicating的時間點與主要動詞是同時。
也可以視為動名詞的狀況(省略了介系詞in):Some parent have a difficult time (in) communicating with their children ...因為不定詞通常不當介系詞的受詞,所以這裡就不可能有不定詞to communicate的情形了。
有的文法書將
to have a good/bad time +Ving定位為動名詞的慣用組合:
In my high school days, I had a had time (in) learning English.
動狀詞(verbals)是動詞(verb)轉化來的詞類,也有時態變化:
The car fixed by Jason is mine.(fix的時間不明)
The car being fixed by Jason is mine.(fix的動作是現在進行當中)
Having failed twice, he didn't want to try again.(分詞完成式having failed的時間點早於主要動詞want)
I want to go.(不定詞簡單式to go的時間點比主要動詞want晚)
I am sorry to have made such a big.(不定詞完成式to have made的時間點比主要動詞am早)
I am sure of his coming.(動名詞簡單式coming比動詞am晚)
He suffered without crying.(動名詞簡單式crying與動詞am同時)
He denies having been there.(動名詞完成式having been比動詞denies早)
2. coin的動詞意思之一是:to use a word or phrase that no one has usd before,即造新詞
."generation gap" was coined =[代溝]這個用詞被人們造出來了
2014-01-23 15:50:58 補充:
不定詞和動名詞都有時態和主被動變化:
簡單主動
簡單被動
完成主動
完成被動
這些變化就會讓不定詞和動名詞的時間點發生變化
簡單式的不定詞是尚未發生
而簡單式的動名詞有正在做的意思
2014-01-23 16:06:03 補充:
He does not want to try again.
主要動詞是want
不定詞是to try
兩者有先後
want是現在
try在之後
2014-01-24 15:42:59 補充:
I am sure of his coming.
我確定他會來。
(他現在尚未到,但我現在的想法是他等會兒一定到,所以coming的時間較am晚)
2014-01-24 15:43:48 補充:
動狀詞(verbals)包括了不定詞,分詞,動名詞這三者。
2014-01-24 15:54:55 補充:
在有些動詞後面的不定詞和動名詞的意思是相同的,但有些不同。
例如try的後面接不定詞時,那不定詞是目的,接動名詞時,那動名詞是方法。
有些動詞只能接不定詞當受詞,有些只能接動名詞。
want屬於可接不定詞或動名詞為受詞的動詞。
He does not want trying again.也正確。
2014-01-24 16:48:09 補充:
我們用文法書查通則,用字典查個別用法(因為有通則,就有例外)。
2014-01-25 16:00:41 補充:
It is time to do your homework.
對不起,這裡的to do your homework是用來修名詞time的修飾語,不是延遲的主詞。
It is necessary to do your homework.
= To do your homework is necessary.
這種狀況才是屬於延遲,將長的文字後移,用虛的主詞it代替。
2014-01-25 16:05:52 補充:
I am sure of his coming.
這裡的動名詞是較晚
I have no objections to hearing your story again(晚)
He suffered without crying.(同時)
He denies having been there.(早)
2014-01-27 10:03:27 補充:
I am sure of his coming.
coming還沒發生是從全句的邏輯來判斷的。因為簡單式動名詞的重點是這個行為本身。
I am sure of his to come.
不定詞不能接在所有格代名詞之後
所以這句錯誤。
不定詞在邏輯上的主詞是以介系詞片語的方式表達:
It is wonderful for you to come.
2014-01-27 18:15:30 補充:
come這個字本身就是要來但尚未到的意思。
用別的字來舉列較合適:
He was accused of having deserted his ship.
having deserted就是desert的完成式主動態的動名詞
表示棄船早已經發生了,他是因此而被起訴的
The safe showed no signs of having been touched.
having been touched是touch的完成式被動態的動名詞
也指早先的事(但之前並未發生了)
2014-01-28 19:48:17 補充:
for you = 介系詞+代名詞=介系詞片語
代名詞在這裡是介系詞的受詞,所以用受格
It is wonderful for him to come.第三人稱時,就明顯了。
2014-01-29 18:18:25 補充:
句子在形式上的主詞如果是動詞是主動態,則與邏輯上的主詞一致。
如果是被動態,形式上的主詞其實是動詞在邏輯上的受詞。
I was shocked = 我嚇了一跳
在語意上是:我受驚嚇了。
by xxx有時是不會說明的,
這時的過去分詞shocked會被視為[主詞補語]。而was為主要動詞。
過去分詞如果是及物動詞衍生的,才有被動的意思。如果是不及物,只有[己娙完成]的意思。
只有在I was shocked by xxx.時,was是助動詞,而shocked是主要動詞。
2014-01-29 18:20:05 補充:
I was shocked to hear that your father had cancer.
I was shocked hearing that your father had cancer
都是正確的寫法。因為不定詞片語和分詞片語都可以當副詞性質的修飾語。
2014-01-31 00:00:13 補充:
不及物動詞fall
falling leaves =正在掉落的樹葉(動作在進行中)
fallen leaves =掉在地上的樹葉(動作己完成)
2014-01-31 00:02:27 補充:
shock當及物動詞
The news shocked everyone.
We were all shocked by the lies he told us.(shocked當主要動詞)
2014-01-31 00:07:28 補充:
I was shocked. 這樣寫時,shocked是主詞補語,was是主要動詞,表示我當時的狀況是被嚇到了,句尾是焦點:shocked
I was shocked by xxx.這樣寫時,shocked是主要動詞,本句的焦點在句尾:by xxx。
2014-01-31 00:12:55 補充:
我嚇壞了。
我被那個人給嚇壞了。
這就是英文句子有沒有加上by xxx的焦點的變化。
2014-01-31 00:15:19 補充:
I shocked to hear that your father had cancer.
錯誤。
因為你把主要動詞was移除後,就讓shocked成了主要動詞,但這shock是及物動詞,不能沒有受詞。
2014-01-31 19:15:06 補充:
Some parents have a difficult time while they are communicating with their children, and that's why the phrase "generation gap" was coined.
> Some parents have a difficult time communicating ....