時間都+Ving 是嗎?

2014-01-14 6:25 am
1.Some parents have a difficult time________with their children,and that's why the
phrase "generation gap" was coined.
(A)communicate(B)to communicate(C)communicated(D)communicating
正確答案:(D)
我們老師說 時間都+Ving 是嗎?
2."generation gap" was coined.是何意?
更新1:

為何 Ving前會有in 這個介系詞啊?

更新2:

動狀詞(verbals)是動詞(verb)轉化來的詞類,也有時態變化: The car fixed by Jason is mine.(fix的時間不明) The car being fixed by Jason is mine.(fix的動作是現在進行當中) Having failed twice, he didn't want to try again.(分詞完成式having failed的時間點早於主要動詞want) I want to go.(不定詞簡單式to go的時間點比主要動詞want晚)

更新3:

I am sorry to have made such a big.(不定詞完成式to have made的時間點比主要動詞am早) I am sure of his coming.(動名詞簡單式coming比動詞am晚) He suffered without crying.(動名詞簡單式crying與動詞am同時) He denies having been there.(動名詞完成式having been比動詞denies早) 上面你講得我看不懂???(說明) 比甚麼動詞晚就用 to V?

回答 (6)

2014-01-14 10:53 pm
✔ 最佳答案
1.不是所有的時間都+Ving的。你會遇到各種不同的狀況。
如果是尚未發生的事件,我們用不定詞簡單式:
The time to leave is after they've served coffee.(不定詞to leave是修飾名詞time的修飾語)
I am sorry I didn't have time to change.(不定詞to change當time的修飾語)
It is time to do your homework.(不定詞to do your homework是延遲的主詞)

He spend a lot of time (in) solving the problem. (這裡的solving...是動名詞,當介系詞in的受詞,in可省略)結構是to spend xxx in doing xxx

Some parents have a difficult time (when they are) communicating with their children ...
這裡是將一個形容詞子句簡化成分詞片語,而分詞簡單式communicating的時間點與主要動詞是同時。
也可以視為動名詞的狀況(省略了介系詞in):Some parent have a difficult time (in) communicating with their children ...因為不定詞通常不當介系詞的受詞,所以這裡就不可能有不定詞to communicate的情形了。

有的文法書將
to have a good/bad time +Ving定位為動名詞的慣用組合:
In my high school days, I had a had time (in) learning English.

動狀詞(verbals)是動詞(verb)轉化來的詞類,也有時態變化:
The car fixed by Jason is mine.(fix的時間不明)
The car being fixed by Jason is mine.(fix的動作是現在進行當中)
Having failed twice, he didn't want to try again.(分詞完成式having failed的時間點早於主要動詞want)
I want to go.(不定詞簡單式to go的時間點比主要動詞want晚)
I am sorry to have made such a big.(不定詞完成式to have made的時間點比主要動詞am早)
I am sure of his coming.(動名詞簡單式coming比動詞am晚)
He suffered without crying.(動名詞簡單式crying與動詞am同時)
He denies having been there.(動名詞完成式having been比動詞denies早)

2. coin的動詞意思之一是:to use a word or phrase that no one has usd before,即造新詞
."generation gap" was coined =[代溝]這個用詞被人們造出來了

2014-01-23 15:50:58 補充:
不定詞和動名詞都有時態和主被動變化:
簡單主動
簡單被動
完成主動
完成被動
這些變化就會讓不定詞和動名詞的時間點發生變化
簡單式的不定詞是尚未發生
而簡單式的動名詞有正在做的意思

2014-01-23 16:06:03 補充:
He does not want to try again.
主要動詞是want
不定詞是to try
兩者有先後
want是現在
try在之後

2014-01-24 15:42:59 補充:
I am sure of his coming.
我確定他會來。
(他現在尚未到,但我現在的想法是他等會兒一定到,所以coming的時間較am晚)

2014-01-24 15:43:48 補充:
動狀詞(verbals)包括了不定詞,分詞,動名詞這三者。

2014-01-24 15:54:55 補充:
在有些動詞後面的不定詞和動名詞的意思是相同的,但有些不同。
例如try的後面接不定詞時,那不定詞是目的,接動名詞時,那動名詞是方法。

有些動詞只能接不定詞當受詞,有些只能接動名詞。

want屬於可接不定詞或動名詞為受詞的動詞。
He does not want trying again.也正確。

2014-01-24 16:48:09 補充:
我們用文法書查通則,用字典查個別用法(因為有通則,就有例外)。

2014-01-25 16:00:41 補充:
It is time to do your homework.
對不起,這裡的to do your homework是用來修名詞time的修飾語,不是延遲的主詞。

It is necessary to do your homework.
= To do your homework is necessary.
這種狀況才是屬於延遲,將長的文字後移,用虛的主詞it代替。

2014-01-25 16:05:52 補充:
I am sure of his coming.
這裡的動名詞是較晚

I have no objections to hearing your story again(晚)

He suffered without crying.(同時)

He denies having been there.(早)

2014-01-27 10:03:27 補充:
I am sure of his coming.
coming還沒發生是從全句的邏輯來判斷的。因為簡單式動名詞的重點是這個行為本身。

I am sure of his to come.
不定詞不能接在所有格代名詞之後
所以這句錯誤。

不定詞在邏輯上的主詞是以介系詞片語的方式表達:
It is wonderful for you to come.

2014-01-27 18:15:30 補充:
come這個字本身就是要來但尚未到的意思。

用別的字來舉列較合適:
He was accused of having deserted his ship.
having deserted就是desert的完成式主動態的動名詞
表示棄船早已經發生了,他是因此而被起訴的

The safe showed no signs of having been touched.
having been touched是touch的完成式被動態的動名詞
也指早先的事(但之前並未發生了)

2014-01-28 19:48:17 補充:
for you = 介系詞+代名詞=介系詞片語
代名詞在這裡是介系詞的受詞,所以用受格
It is wonderful for him to come.第三人稱時,就明顯了。

2014-01-29 18:18:25 補充:
句子在形式上的主詞如果是動詞是主動態,則與邏輯上的主詞一致。
如果是被動態,形式上的主詞其實是動詞在邏輯上的受詞。

I was shocked = 我嚇了一跳
在語意上是:我受驚嚇了。
by xxx有時是不會說明的,
這時的過去分詞shocked會被視為[主詞補語]。而was為主要動詞。
過去分詞如果是及物動詞衍生的,才有被動的意思。如果是不及物,只有[己娙完成]的意思。
只有在I was shocked by xxx.時,was是助動詞,而shocked是主要動詞。

2014-01-29 18:20:05 補充:
I was shocked to hear that your father had cancer.
I was shocked hearing that your father had cancer
都是正確的寫法。因為不定詞片語和分詞片語都可以當副詞性質的修飾語。

2014-01-31 00:00:13 補充:
不及物動詞fall
falling leaves =正在掉落的樹葉(動作在進行中)
fallen leaves =掉在地上的樹葉(動作己完成)

2014-01-31 00:02:27 補充:
shock當及物動詞
The news shocked everyone.
We were all shocked by the lies he told us.(shocked當主要動詞)

2014-01-31 00:07:28 補充:
I was shocked. 這樣寫時,shocked是主詞補語,was是主要動詞,表示我當時的狀況是被嚇到了,句尾是焦點:shocked

I was shocked by xxx.這樣寫時,shocked是主要動詞,本句的焦點在句尾:by xxx。

2014-01-31 00:12:55 補充:
我嚇壞了。
我被那個人給嚇壞了。
這就是英文句子有沒有加上by xxx的焦點的變化。

2014-01-31 00:15:19 補充:
I shocked to hear that your father had cancer.
錯誤。
因為你把主要動詞was移除後,就讓shocked成了主要動詞,但這shock是及物動詞,不能沒有受詞。

2014-01-31 19:15:06 補充:
Some parents have a difficult time while they are communicating with their children, and that's why the phrase "generation gap" was coined.
> Some parents have a difficult time communicating ....
2014-01-16 6:18 am
所以簡單來講
to 一件事
Ving 過程?

2014-01-15 22:20:39 補充:
為何會有in 這個東東?

2014-01-24 15:30:28 補充:
所以看不出來??(不定詞和動名詞的時間點發生變化)

2014-01-24 15:33:29 補充:
I am sure of his coming.(動名詞簡單式coming比動詞am晚)
這是甚麼意思?

2014-01-24 15:36:18 補充:
動狀詞是啥?????

2014-01-24 15:37:40 補充:
He does not want to try again.
所以不能寫成: He does not want trying again.?

2014-01-25 14:02:34 補充:
It is time to do your homework.(不定詞to do your homework是延遲的主詞)
這是啥意思???

2014-01-25 14:05:15 補充:
I am sure of his coming.
你不是說簡單式的動名詞是動作正在進行嗎??
可是它又還沒發生??(正在進行)

2014-01-25 14:07:02 補充:
簡單主動
簡單被動
完成主動
完成被動

所以這些都是要看主句時態的變化?

2014-01-26 18:07:20 補充:
I am sure of his coming.
動作正在進行??又還沒發生??

所以可以寫成: I am sure of his to come.

2014-01-27 17:40:59 補充:
那個........不好意思......你可以再講清楚一點嗎?(還是不懂)

I am sure of his coming.
coming還沒發生是從全句的邏輯來判斷的。因為簡單式動名詞的重點是這個行為本身。

2014-01-28 19:26:07 補充:
不定詞在邏輯上的主詞是以介系詞片語的方式表達:
It is wonderful for you to come.

介係詞片語在哪?(是指It is wonderful for 嗎?)

2014-01-29 17:51:36 補充:
那這句: I was shocked to hear that your father had cancer.
可以寫成: I was shocked hearing that your father had cancer. 嗎?

2014-01-29 18:03:03 補充:
嗯>>>>>還有這句為什麼用被動啊?
被動: O be p.p (by S) 嗎?
O是受詞ㄝ ( I 是受詞?)
這裡的(by S) (主詞是甚麼?)

(如果你不想回答 就算了 因為我知道我很煩)

2014-01-30 17:28:22 補充:
但是shock 也可以當作一般動詞?
可以寫成: I shocked to hear that your father had cancer.?

2014-01-30 17:32:26 補充:
你不是說: 簡單式的不定詞是尚未發生
而簡單式的動名詞有正在做的意思

可這一句:I was shocked to hear that your father had cancer.
I was shocked hearing that your father had cancer

他沒有正在做的意思ㄝ(搞混了)

2014-01-30 17:36:38 補充:
過去分詞如果是及物動詞衍生的,才有被動的意思。如果是不及物,只有[己娙完成]的意思。
只有在I was shocked by xxx.時,was是助動詞,而shocked是主要動詞。

恩.....我看不懂

所以不及物就類似完成式?

2014-01-30 17:37:24 補充:
真的太感激你了!!!!

2014-01-31 18:54:36 補充:
你不是說: 簡單式的不定詞是尚未發生
而簡單式的動名詞有正在做的意思

可這一句:I was shocked to hear that your father had cancer.
I was shocked hearing that your father had cancer

他沒有正在做的意思ㄝ(搞混了)

2014-01-31 18:56:44 補充:
過去分詞如果是及物動詞衍生的,才有被動的意思。如果是不及物,只有[己娙完成]的意思。

這是規則沒例外?

2014-01-31 19:02:57 補充:
1.Some parents have a difficult time________with their children,and that's why the
phrase "generation gap" was coined.
(A)communicate(B)to communicate(C)communicated(D)communicating




所以簡單來講
to 一件事
Ving 過程?

2014-01-31 19:25:19 補充:
甚麼意思啊????????????
2014-01-14 7:11 am
have a difficult time 後面的動詞是動名詞(Ving), 不能是不定詞(to+V)嗎?
我不這麼認為, 我覺得要看句子而定.
https://www.google.com/#q=%22will+have+a+difficult+time+to%22
我搜尋 "will have a difficult time to"的結果, 約有 38,200,000 項結果.
但是我看了幾頁後發現, 這些用 to V 的改成 Ving 都可以.

2014-01-13 23:43:38 補充:
我也看到另一個網站是寫 (in) Ving, 他甚至還說 '不可以' 用 to+V.
我絕對同意Ving 沒問題, 前面有沒有 (in) 不是重點, 問題是 to+V 的意思跟 Ving 有點不一樣, 要說不可以用 (to+V) 我還沒被說服. 不過我多想一下喔..等等再回

2014-01-14 01:00:32 補充:
你這樣一說, in是重點, 我突然想到, spent money in buying something 的例子. 跟這個很像. spent 後面如果要說花在什麼地方上面, 後面都是加上Ving. 可是你看這個例子:
Republican candidates spent money to make money
(from Los Angeles Times)

2014-01-14 01:02:56 補充:
這裡的 spent money 其實已經語意完整, 後面的 to 是in order to 表示目的.
如果把它改成
Republican candidates spent money making money.
整句意思就不一樣了.

2014-01-14 01:14:33 補充:
回到本來的問題,
Some parents have a difficult time communicating with their children.
這裡的 communicating 是一個過程, 用來生動地描寫 have a difficult time 的過程. 整句讀起來的感覺, 彷彿你可以看到父母親和小孩在溝通的過程有一些困難.
如果改成
Some parents have a difficult time to communicate with their children.
這裡的 to communicate 不是在描寫過程, 而是說明做哪一件事情

2014-01-14 01:20:17 補充:
這句:
Indeed, governments will have a difficult time to do it all by themselves, mostly due to a lack of resources, technical knowledge and last but not least, finance.
這裡 have a difficult time to do it 只是表明做這件事情會有一些艱難的時期.
如改成
governments will have a difficult time doing it
讀起來的感覺就是在做這件事情的時候遇到一些麻煩事,

2014-01-14 01:27:17 補充:
這就是我覺得問題並不是單純 Ving 能否替換成to V, 而是 to V 要表達的意思跟 Ving 是有些不一樣的.
這題的重點在後半句:
Some parents have a difficult time communicating with their children, and that's why the phrase "generation gap" was coined.
就是因為後半句的語意讓前面非用 Ving 不可.

2014-01-14 01:34:05 補充:
如果這裡改成 to communicate 整句意思其實可以改寫成這樣:
Some parents have difficulty to communicate with their children, and that's why the phrase "generation gap" was coined.
那這句就不太有道理, 因為代溝這個名詞的產生是因為在溝通的『過程』發生困難, 彷彿兩代之間有一道鴻溝. 而不僅僅只是因為父母跟小孩溝通有困難『這件事』.

2014-01-14 01:38:52 補充:
我自己寫文章或講話時 have a ... time 後面跟的動詞型態也都是 Ving, 用來描述那個過程. 但是當我看到『我們老師說 時間都+Ving 是嗎?』我就有深深的疑問, 因為我從沒聽過這條規則. 所以我特地去搜尋 "have a difficult time to" 看看會有什麼結果. 找到的句子多到看不完. 我只有耐心地看完前三頁, 大概有點感覺.

2014-01-14 01:55:19 補充:
我發現, 這些用 to V 的句子, 其中有一些句子, 我讀起來一點都不覺得奇怪. 於是我試著用Ving替換進去這些句子再讀讀看, 我覺得句意有一些微妙的不同.

對了, 那個 in 後面當然不能加上( to V )的說法, 我覺得你可能有誤解.
in 並不是 have a difficult time 這個片語的一部分, 它只是用來解釋後面接了動名詞後, 可以看成 (in) Ving. 這個片語的使用本來就可以後面完全不加東西

2014-01-14 02:03:07 補充:
其實我只是不喜歡一堆規則, 什麼什麼後面一定要用什麼介係詞之類的這種規則. 實際在講話時, 從你從腦袋產生想法, 到把那個想法講出口, 可能中間只有一秒鐘的時間, 哪裡還有可能有時間想文法規則.

2014-01-14 02:23:26 補充:
這些規則在剛學習英文的時候很有用處, 尤其是考試, 我也很同意初學者可以直接記住 have a difficult time + Ving 這種句型. 但是當被問到是不是後面只能加上 Ving, 我就不能接受這樣一個規則, 除非這樣說, 如果要描述做一件事情have a difficult time , 那個動作要用 Ving.
2014-01-14 7:07 am
I like to offer you a different way to look at this question:

First, ask yourself, as far as "communication" is concerned, when can parents have difficult time?

2014-01-13 23:09:19 補充:
Can it be "before", "after" or "during" communication? I think it is very intuitive, that is "during". In English, when you try to describe a situation "during", you will use "V-ing".

Hopefully, this will help you to know why?

2014-01-13 23:12:58 補充:
Your teacher's saying has NO base. What if I rewrite the sentence as:

Some parents have a tough situation ________ with their children.

What would you choose?

2014-01-13 23:15:38 補充:
I would still choose "communicating", even though "to communicate" is still correct, but means a little different.

Using "to communicate" mean "要去溝通", not "正在溝通".
2014-01-14 6:53 am

我覺得老師若只有講+Ving 太竉統了
應該是當名詞時後面若遇動詞才加ing
time 還可以當及物動詞和形容詞
所以要看用在什麼句子上 可以to + v
可以 at + 時間
但這題是真的要用 Ving


"generation gap" was coined. 世代的代溝被創造出來(杜撰)
註: 被社會學家杜撰出來的
參考: my
2014-01-14 6:48 am
have a difficult time 是片語 後面要加Ving,意思是 ~有困難。
所以要選D

這句的意思是 有些父母很難跟孩子溝通,所以才會產生「代溝」這個詞。
generation gap 就是代溝
was coined 的意思是 這個詞就被創造出來了、被造出來了,也就是產生了代溝這個詞的意思

希望對你有所幫助嚕

2014-01-13 22:50:13 補充:
have a difficult time + Ving 的例子如:
We have a difficult time getting along with each other 我們很難跟對方相處
We have a difficult time understanding what he is talking about. 我們很難了解他在說什麼

http://idioms.thefreedictionary.com/have+a+hard+time

2014-01-13 23:21:41 補充:
這次我就不同意你了
我查了http://corpus.byu.edu/coca/ 這個語料庫
我打進 have a difficult time & have a difficult time to查到的筆數分別是251 & 2
所以我想大部分的情況下還是 Ving為主的

至於你查到加to的情況,我覺得主要應該是因為will的關係
把will去掉,找到的筆數就少很多(雖然還是很多)

最後我也逛到這部落格,我想之所以要加ING是因為省略了IN
http://dunchee.blogspot.tw/2012/10/have-trouble-in-v-ing.html

2014-01-14 00:02:44 補充:
有沒有in當然是重點,因為有in,就絕對不能加 to+V呀
不可能有 have a difficult in to V吧!

我看到直覺的反應是 have a difficult time to V 當你要去V的時候會遇到困難(有點未來、尚未發生)
但have a difficult time Ving 就純粹陳述V時有困難(事實、過去)
不知道這樣解釋是否正確?

2014-01-14 08:05:54 補充:
讚! 非常清楚
果然是Beth
但身體也是要顧啦! 早點睡耶

2014-01-23 15:42:38 補充:
加in有點像是慣用法,雖然不一定得要用in,但大部分的情況還是都用in (看意見的部分,在某些情況下,是可以用to的)

例如:spend some time/ money on ~ (這邊的On就是固定搭配的),have a difficult time (in) 也是一樣的道理。

希望這樣解是夠清楚!
參考: 自己


收錄日期: 2021-05-01 16:38:41
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