part participle 理解上問題(20點)

你整段沒有 past participle
giving 是 present participle
giving out gifts 是 present participial phrase (acts like adjective) 形容 store
不知道是指某一間 store 給禮物多少次
或某一個地方有多少間 stores 會給禮物
還有如何給禮物?
例如在母親節,新年,....或買滿$100 ... 或每十個顧客抽中一個
如何寫 probability, 你的問題多少與 statistics 有關

2013-12-31 06:35:09 補充：
The store giving out gifts is my own store. ~ 對
subject + linking verb + subject complement

"The store giving out gifts" 和 "my own store" refer to the same store
Both phrases are noun phrases.
is 是 linking verb

商店送出禮物的係我的商店 ~ 錯 (禮物和我的商店 not the same)

2013-12-31 06:56:10 補充：
probability of doing something
probability of winning lottery

probability of someone/something doing something
probability of a coin coming up heads

The store giving out gifts is my own store. 送出禮物的商店係我的商店
The store giving out gifts = The store that gives out gifts
可能你的鄰近只有這商店送出禮物, 其他的商店不送

2014-01-01 04:10:25 補充：
The store giving out gifts is my own store =
The store which gives out gifts is my own store.

giving out gifts = present participial phrase which functions as an adjective phrase.
which gives out gifts = relative clause (關系分句) which functions as an adjective clause. 在這句子, it is called defining relative clause.

不能刪除 present participial phrase or relative clause, 不是任何一間商店, 只有這送禮物的商店才是我的商店. 換句話, 不送禮物的商店, 我不會是它們顧客.
這 adjective phrase 或 defining relative clause 不可缺少的. 所以名稱 defining

The store is my own store. ~單一句, It doesn’t make sense. 除非上文言及這間商店, 它的特色, 其他的人可從它的特色識別這間商店. Even that, it is bad English.

Non-defining relative clause (非限制性關系分句) 不同 defining relative clause,
非限制性關系分句僅起補充作用.

Ikea Store, which is a Swedish company, is my own store
which is a Swedish company 是 non-defining relative clause
which is a Swedish company 可以刪除, 因不是用來識別我的商店, 補充作用

The probability of the store giving out gifts is at least 0.99
giving out gifts 不可缺少的, 不能刪除
The probability of the store giving out gifts = The probability of the store which gives out gifts
同樣是 defining relative clause

意思The probability of giving out gifts by the store
99% 機會商店會送禮物, 1%機會不會送禮物, 可能那天 runs out of gifts ..etc, 無得送

The probability of store is .... This doesn't make sense at all.
The probability of store doing something is ....
從 doing something 才可計 probability
去商店買 100 次東西, 有多少次會送禮物, 才可計算 probability

Compare:
The probability of a coin coming up heads is 0.5

提議你看看文法書籍, topic 是 relative clause, defining and non-defining. (有書稱 restrictive and non-restrictive)

Well, I talk too much! 仍然希望你明白.



2014-01-01 07:26:33 補充：
CORRECTION:
The probability of the store giving out gifts 不等如 The probability of the store which gives out gifts

The probability of the store giving out gifts is at least 0.99 ~ 對
The probability of the store which gives out gifts is at least 0.99 ~ 錯

請看意見, ....

2014-01-01 07:46:30 補充：
CORRECTION.. continue

Probability of , 這 noun不能是 store, 要 action, doing 字
store which gives out gifts, 重心是 store, “which gives out gifts” 形容 store, 所以錯

store giving out gifts 是 noun phrase, 重心是 giving out gifts, 不是 store
store 雖然是 noun, 相似 adjective, 形容 giving out gifts

2014-01-01 08:14:41 補充：
The store giving out gifts is my own store
The probability of the store giving out gifts is at least 0.99

你問題是假定 the store giving out gifts 在兩句中一樣, 實際上不同
The probability of giving out gifts by the store 比較清楚

store sale 重心是 sale, That is sale held by the store, 不是 store

2014-01-02 04:57:42 補充：
To 發問者：chingwai

Pattern:
probability + something (noun) + present participial phrase

The probability of a coin coming up heads is one out of every two tries.
What is the possibility of two tossed dice showing a sum of 12?

謝謝你的問題, It is a good question. 我以前未想過

我實際唔明白既係The store giving out gifts is my own store
刪左PP即adj 變成The store is my own store 依然無邏輯上錯只是不清晰指緊什麼store
但the probability of the store giving out gifts is at least 0.99
刪左PP即adj 變成the probability of the store is at least 0.99 邏輯上有問題因為本生store無可能有probability

if the probability of the store giving out gifts is at least 0.99
If the probability of gifts being given by the store were at least 0.99.then......

the store giving out gifts is my own store
All the gifts given out are belonged to my store.